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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2021/04/06 09:50] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2023/04/11 12:25] (current) – [Regulated pollutants] kotzulla | ||
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^ Method | ^ Method | ||
| T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //no key category// | | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //no key category// | ||
- | |||
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Sector-specific **diesel** consumption data are included in the primary fuel-delivery data available from NEB line 67: ' | + | Sector-specific **diesel** consumption data are included in the primary fuel-delivery data available from NEB line 67: ' |
__Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-deliveries data__ | __Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-deliveries data__ | ||
Line 19: | Line 18: | ||
|| as of 1995 || NEB line 67: ' | || as of 1995 || NEB line 67: ' | ||
- | Following the deduction of diesel oil inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, | + | Following the deduction of diesel oil inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, |
__Table 2: Annual contribution of NFR 1.A.4.a ii to the over-all amounts of diesel oil provided in NEB line 67__ | __Table 2: Annual contribution of NFR 1.A.4.a ii to the over-all amounts of diesel oil provided in NEB line 67__ | ||
- | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | | + | ^ |
- | | 7,01% | 6,65% | 6,99% | 7,18% | 6,52% | 6,36% | 6,21% | 5,96% | 5,82% | 5,73% | 5,83% | 5,78% | 5,68% | | + | | 7.01% | 6.65% | 6.98% | 7.17% | 6.51% | 6.35% | 6.20% | 5.95% | 5.81% | 5.73% | 5.83% | 5.77% | 5.67% | 5.59% | 5.45% | 5.59% | |
- | source: | + | source: |
As the NEB does not distinguish into specific biofuels, consumption data for biodiesel are calculated by applying Germany' | As the NEB does not distinguish into specific biofuels, consumption data for biodiesel are calculated by applying Germany' | ||
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__Table 3: Annual fuel consumption, | __Table 3: Annual fuel consumption, | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | | + | | ^ |
- | ^ Diesel Oil | 7.847 | 6.508 | 6.646 | 5.894 | 5.773 | 5.770 | 5.533 | 5.524 | 5.629 | 5.810 | 6.145 | 6.257 | 5.749 | 5.726 | | + | ^ Diesel Oil | |
- | ^ Biodiesel | + | ^ Biodiesel |
- | ^ LPG | + | ^ LPG |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.a ii** ^ | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.a ii** ^ 10,627 ^ 9,951 ^ 10,899 ^ 10,796 ^ 10,836 ^ 10,722 ^ 10,400 ^ 10,254 ^ 10,300 ^ 10,376 ^ 10,799 ^ 10,884 ^ 10,339 ^ |
{{ : | {{ : | ||
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The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
- | Basically, for all **main pollutants**, | + | Basically, for all **main pollutants**, |
As no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for diesel oil are applied to biodiesel, too. | As no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for diesel oil are applied to biodiesel, too. | ||
__Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM, in kg/TJ__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | **2019** | | + | | ^ |
- | | **Diesel fuels**< | + | | **Diesel fuels**< |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | 856 | | + | ^ CO | 856 | |
- | | **LPG** | + | | **LPG** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | + | ^ NMVOC |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | 114 | 114 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | | + | ^ CO | 114 | 114 | 112 | 112 | |
< | < | ||
< | < | ||
- | < | + | < |
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
Line 72: | Line 71: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [((bibcite 3))]. | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
- | + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | |
- | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | + | </ |
===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
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==== Unregulated pollutants ==== | ==== Unregulated pollutants ==== | ||
- | {{ : | ||
For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
Line 88: | Line 86: | ||
==== Regulated pollutants ==== | ==== Regulated pollutants ==== | ||
- | +++ Nitrogen oxides | + | ===Nitrogen oxides |
For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
+ | Here, emissions of sulphur oxides follow the step-by-step reduction of sulphur contents in liquid fuels, resulting in a reduction of over 99% since 1990. | ||
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
- | +++ Particulate matter | + | ===Ammonia=== |
+ | |||
+ | Ammonia emissions are driven by the consumption of LPG with its comparably high emission factor. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===NMVOC=== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Emissions oif NMVOC are again driven by the consumption of LPG with its comparably high emission factor. Here, the ongoing downward trend results from the decrease in the emission factor applied for diesel fuels. | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | ====Particulate matter | ||
Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | ||
Line 101: | Line 110: | ||
Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | ||
- | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in [((bibcite 4))], black carbon emissions follow the corresponding emissions of PM,,2.5,,. | + | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in the 2019 EMEP Guidebook |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A4aii_EM_PM.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | **Activity data** | + | **Activity data** |
- | __Table 5: Revised | + | __Table 5: Revised |
- | | | + | | | **DIESEL OIL** | **BIODIESEL** | **LPG** | **OVER-ALL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | __Table 6: Revised activity data, in terajoules__ | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
- | | | **1990** | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: |
- | | **Diesel Oil** |||||||||||||| | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | 7.847 | 6.508 | 6.646 | 5.894 | 5.773 | 5.770 | 5.533 | 5.524 | 5.629 | 5.810 | 6.145 | 6.257 | 5.749 | | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 7.774 | 6.413 | 6.316 | 5.851 | 6.213 | 6.314 | 6.158 | 6.348 | 6.562 | 6.885 | 7.153 | 7.343 | 6.816 | | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **Biodiesel** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 377 | 443 | 403 | 390 | 328 | 346 | 318 | 326 | 334 | 334 | | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 128 | 403 | 414 | 402 | 368 | 398 | 372 | 376 | 389 | 372 | | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **LPG** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | 2.787 | 3.450 | 4.261 | 4.533 | 4.629 | 4.557 | 4.484 | 4.409 | 4.333 | 4.256 | 4.336 | 4.301 | 4.264 | | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 2.787 | 3.450 | 4.261 | 4.894 | 5.431 | 5.441 | 5.449 | 5.456 | 5.462 | 5.467 | 5.471 | 5.474 | 5.477 | | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **over-all fuel consumption** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | With all **emission factors** remaining unrevised, emission values have only been recalculated for 2017 as shown in the following table for the main pollutants. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | __Table 8: Recalculated emission estimates 2017, in kilotonnes__ | + | |
- | ||= ||= **NH,, | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2020 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ Submission 2019 ||> | + | |
- | ||~ absolute change ||> | + | |
- | ||~ relative change ||> | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | |
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific | + | |
</ | </ | ||
===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " | + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " |
Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | ||
Line 170: | Line 143: | ||
**//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
- | The EF provided in [((bibcite 4))] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | + | The EF provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' |
- | + | ||
- | ------ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | + | |
- | : 1 : AGEB (2019): Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | + | [(AGEB2022> |
- | : 2 : BAFA (2019): Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, | + | [(BAFA2022> |
- | URL: https:// | + | https:// |
- | : 3 : Knörr et al. (2019b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F. (2019b): ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2018, Heidelberg, | + | [(KNOERR2022b> |
- | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019. | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 5 : Rentz et al. (2008): Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | [(KNOERR2009> |
- | : 6 : Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; | + | |
- | [[/ | + |