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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2022/11/09 13:04] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:residential [2023/04/11 12:28] (current) – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: 'Households' of the National Energy Balances (NEB) for Germany (AGEB, 2020) [(AGEB2020)].+Activity data are taken from annual fuel delieveries data provided in line 66: 'Households' of the National Energy Balances (NEB) for Germany (AGEB, 2022) [(AGEB2022)].
  
 __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__ __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.4.b ii__
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 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_ad.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_ad.png?700 }}
  
-These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2020b) [(KNOERR2020b)].+These primary activity data can be distributed onto 2- and 4-stroke engines used in households via annual shares from Knörr et al. (2022b) [(KNOERR2022b)].
  
 __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__ __Table 3: Annual shares of 2- and 4-stroke engines__
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 The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: The emission factors used here are of rather different quality:
-For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annually changing values computed within TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2020b)) [(KNOERR2020b)] are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. +For all **main pollutants**, **carbon monoxide** and **particulate matter**, annually changing values computed within TREMOD-MM (Knörr et al. (2022b)) [(KNOERR2022b)] are used, representing the development of mitigation technologies and the effect of fuel-quality legislation. 
  
 Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too. Here, as no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for gasoline are applied to bioethanol, too.
  
-For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2020b)].)+For lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline and corresponding TSP emissions, additional emissions are are calculated from 1990 to 1997 based upon contry-specific emission factors from [(KNOERR2022b)].)
  
 __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__ __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM<sup>1</sup>, in kg/TJ__
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 For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption.  For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. 
  
-{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_nh3.png?700 }}+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_nh3.png?700 | annual ammonia emissions }}
  
 Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission's trend is stronlgy influenced by the share of 2-stroke gasoline fuel (containing lube oil with presumably higher HM content) consumed. Here, as the emission factors for heavy metals (and POPs) are derived from tier1 default values, the emission's trend is stronlgy influenced by the share of 2-stroke gasoline fuel (containing lube oil with presumably higher HM content) consumed.
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 For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation.
-However, especially for CO and NOx, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66.+However, especially for CO and NO<sub>x</sub>, trends are strongly influenced by the changes in annual fuel deliveries as provided in NEB line 66.
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_CO.png?500| Annual carbon monoxide emissions }} +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_CO.png?700 | annual carbon monoxide emissions }} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_NOx.png?500| Annual nitrogen oxides emissions }} +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_NOx.png?700 | annual nitrogen oxides emissions }} 
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_SOx.png?500| Annual sulphur oxides emissions }}+ 
 +Here, emissions of sulphur oxides follow the step-by-step reduction of sulphur contents in liquid fuels, resulting in a reduction of over 95% since 1990. 
 + 
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:1a4bii_em_SOx.png?700 | annual sulphur oxides emissions }}
  
 == Particulate matter == == Particulate matter ==
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 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-**Primary activity** data fro NEB line 67 were revised for 2020.  +Compared to Submission 2022, recalcultaions result solely from the revision of the primary activity data provided in line 67 of the NEB 2020. 
- +
- +
-|                           ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ +
-| **4-stroke machinery**    |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        |        | +
-^ current submission        |     545 |   1.046 |   1.400 |   1.491 |   1.389 |   1.408 |   1.436 |   2.321 |   2.318 |   2.810 |   2.796 |   2.613 |   2.772 |   2.968 |   2.967 |   2.964 |  2.971 |  2.965 | +
-^ previous submission       |     614 |   1.191 |   1.592 |   1.679 |   1.562 |   1.581 |   1.610 |   2.600 |   2.594 |   3.158 |   3.157 |   2.963 |   3.155 |   3.390 |   3.399 |   3.404 |  3.292 |  3.272 | +
-^ absolute change           |   -69,2 |    -145 |    -193 |    -188 |    -173 |    -173 |    -174 |    -279 |    -277 |    -347 |    -361 |    -350 |    -383 |    -422 |    -432 |    -440 |   -321 |   -307 | +
-^ relative change           |  -11,3% |  -12,1% |  -12,1% |  -11,2% |  -11,0% |  -10,9% |  -10,8% |  -10,7% |  -10,7% |  -11,0% |  -11,4% |  -11,8% |  -12,2% |  -12,5% |  -12,7% |  -12,9% |  -9,7% |  -9,4% | +
-| **2-stroke machinery**    |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        |        | +
-^ current submission        |   1.387 |   1.058 |     705 |     650 |     575 |     557 |     543 |     842 |     818 |     960 |     899 |     808 |     846 |     894 |     884 |     873 |    867 |    859 | +
-^ previous submission       |   1.563 |   1.204 |     803 |     733 |     646 |     626 |     609 |     943 |     915 |   1.078 |   1.015 |     917 |     963 |   1.021 |   1.012 |   1.003 |    961 |    949 | +
-^ absolute change           |    -176 |    -146 |   -97,1 |   -82,2 |   -71,4 |   -68,4 |   -65,8 |    -101 |   -97,6 |    -119 |    -116 |    -108 |    -117 |    -127 |    -129 |    -130 |  -93,6 |  -89,0 | +
-^ relative change           |  -11,3% |  -12,1% |  -12,1% |  -11,2% |  -11,0% |  -10,9% |  -10,8% |  -10,7% |  -10,7% |  -11,0% |  -11,4% |  -11,8% |  -12,2% |  -12,5% |  -12,7% |  -12,9% |  -9,7% |  -9,4% | +
-| **4-stroke boats**        |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        |        | +
-^ current submission        |    25,6 |    43,0 |    79,2 |     135 |     138 |     152 |     166 |     285 |     298 |     373 |     383 |     370 |     405 |     446 |     456 |     464 |    473 |    479 | +
-^ previous submission       |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE    |  IE    | +
-| **2-stroke boats**        |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        |        | +
-^ current submission        |     220 |     248 |     211 |     135 |     106 |    89,0 |    73,8 |    95,8 |    75,9 |    92,6 |    93,2 |    88,4 |    95,2 |     103 |     104 |     105 |    106 |    106 | +
-^ previous submission       |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE     |  IE    |  IE    | +
-| **OVER-ALL CONSUMPTION**  |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |        |        | +
-^ current submission        |   2.177 |   2.395 |   2.395 |   2.411 |   2.208 |   2.206 |   2.219 |   3.543 |   3.510 |   4.236 |   4.172 |   3.879 |   4.118 |   4.411 |   4.412 |   4.406 |  4.418 |  4.410 | +
-^ previous submission       |   2.177 |   2.395 |   2.395 |   2.411 |   2.208 |   2.206 |   2.219 |   3.543 |   3.510 |   4.236 |   4.172 |   3.879 |   4.118 |   4.411 |   4.412 |   4.406 |  4.253 |  4.221 | +
-^ absolute change           |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    165 |    190 | +
-^ relative change           |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |    0,0% |   3,9% |   4,5% |+
  
 +|                  ^  gasoline  ^  biogasoline  ^  over-all fuel consumption  ^
 +^ Submission 2023  |  3.186     |  145          |  3.332                      |
 +^ Submission 2022  |  4.055     |  183          |  4.238                      |
 +^ absolute change  |  -869      |  -37.2        |  -906                       |
 +^ relative change  |  -21.4%    |  -20.3%       |  -21.4%                     |
 <WRAP center round info 65%> <WRAP center round info 65%>
-For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol. The EF provided in [(RENTZ2008)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant's heavy-metal content as well as (iii) engine wear. Here, there might be no heavy metal contained in biofuels. But since the specific shares of (i), (ii) and (iii) cannot be separated, and since the contributions of lubricant and engine wear might be dominant, the same emission factors are applied to biodiesel and bioethanol.
  
-[(AGEB2020>AGEB, 2020: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; URL: http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-0-Bilanzen-1990-2018.html, (Aufruf: 29.11.2020), Köln & Berlin, 2020)] +[(AGEB2022>AGEB, 2022: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/daten-und-fakten/bilanzen-1990-bis-2020/?wpv-jahresbereich-bilanz=2011-2020, (Aufruf: 23.11.2021), Köln & Berlin, 2022)] 
-[(KNOERR2020b>Knörr et al. (2020b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2020, Heidelberg, 2020.)]+[(KNOERR2022b>Knörr et al. (2022b): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Aktualisierung des Modells TREMOD-Mobile Machinery (TREMOD MM) 2022, Heidelberg, 2022.)]
 [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019>EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019, Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008>Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]
 [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)] [(KNOERR2009>Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; final report; URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/sites/default/files/medien/461/publikationen/3937.pdf, FKZ 360 16 023, Heidelberg & Zürich, 2009.)]