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| appendices:appendix2.4_pops_from_mobile_sources [2021/03/30 08:39] – created kotzulla | appendices:appendix2.4_pops_from_mobile_sources [2022/09/22 09:40] (current) – Fix link tarakji | ||
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| =====Road Transport===== | =====Road Transport===== | ||
| - | For PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | For PAH exhaust-emissions, |
| - | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 2))] is used instead. | + | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] is used instead. |
| __Table 1: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to road vehicles__ | __Table 1: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to road vehicles__ | ||
| - | ||= ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[…]P** ||= **PAHs 1-4** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | | |
| - | ||= ||||||||||= [mg/TJ] ||= [µg/km] ||= | + | | | |
| - | ||~ Diesel oil ||> 368 ||> 386 ||> 203 ||> 368 ||> 1,324 ||> ||= | + | ^ Diesel oil |
| - | ||~ Biodiesel^^1^^ ||> 368 ||> 386 ||> 203 ||> 368 ||> 1,324 ||> ||= | + | ^ Biodiesel<sup>1</ |
| - | ||~ Gasoline fuels ||> 96 ||> 140 ||> 69 ||> 158 ||> 464 ||> ||= | + | ^ Gasoline fuels |
| - | ||~ CNG ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= ||= | + | ^ CNG | NE |
| - | ||~ LPG ||> 4.35 ||> 0.00 ||> 4.35 ||> 4.35 ||> 13.2 ||> ||= | + | ^ LPG | 4.35 |
| - | ||~ Biogas ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= NE ||= ||= | + | ^ Biogas |
| - | ||~ all fuels ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||> | + | ^ all fuels | |
| - | ^^1^^ values differ from EFs applied for fossil diesel oil to take into account the specific NCV of biodiesel | + | <sup>1</ |
| Here, the tier1 values for PAH exhaust emissions have been derived from the following tier1 default values provided in the July 2017 version of the 2016 EMEP/EEA Guidebook: | Here, the tier1 values for PAH exhaust emissions have been derived from the following tier1 default values provided in the July 2017 version of the 2016 EMEP/EEA Guidebook: | ||
| - | + Non-road Mobile Machinery in 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a.ii, | + | ===== Non-road Mobile Machinery in 1.A.2.g vii, 1.A.4.a.ii, |
| __Table 3: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to NRMM__ | __Table 3: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to NRMM__ | ||
| - | ||= ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]P** ||= **PAH 1-4** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | | |
| - | ||= ||||||||||= | + | | | |
| - | ||~ Diesel oil ||> 698 ||> 1.164 ||> 801 ||> 184 ||> 2,847 ||> 1.62^^3^^ ||> | + | ^ Diesel oil |
| - | ||~ Biodiesel^^1^^ ||> 806 ||> 1.343 ||> 924 ||> 212 ||> 3,284 ||> 1.87 ||> | + | ^ Biodiesel<sup>1</ |
| - | ||~ Gasoline fuels - 4-stroke ||> 919 ||> 919 ||> 90 ||> 204 ||> 2,131 ||> 2.76^^3^^ ||> | + | ^ Gasoline fuels - 4-stroke |
| - | ||~ Gasoline fuels - 2-stroke^^2^^ ||> 919 ||> 919 ||> 90 ||> 204 ||> 2,131 ||> 57.5^^3^^ ||> | + | ^ Gasoline fuels - 2-stroke<sup>2</ |
| - | ||~ LPG (1.A.4.a ii only) ||> 4.35 ||> 0.00 ||> 4.35 ||> 4.35 ||> 13.04 ||= NE ||> | + | ^ LPG (1.A.4.a ii only) | 4.35 |
| - | ^^1^^ values differ from EFs applied for fossil diesel oil to take into account the specific NCV of biodiesel | + | <sup>1</ |
| - | ^^2^^ no separate values available for 2-stroke-mix including 1:50 lube oil. | + | <sup>2</ |
| - | ^^3^^ tier1 values derived from [((bibcite 2))] | + | <sup>3</ |
| - | + Railways | + | ===== Railways |
| __Table 3: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to railway vehicles__ | __Table 3: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to railway vehicles__ | ||
| - | ||= ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4**^^3^^ ||= **PCDD/ | + | | ^ |
| - | ||= ||||||||||= | + | | |
| - | ||~ Diesel oil ||> 698^^2^^ ||> 1,164^^2^^ ||> 801^^1^^ ||> 184^^1^^ ||> 2,847^^3^^ ||> 2.09 ||= | + | ^ Diesel oil | 698<sup>2</sup> |
| - | ||~ Biodiesel ||> 806 ||> 1,343 ||> 924 ||> 212 ||> 3,284 ||> 2.41 ||= | + | ^ Biodiesel |
| - | ||~ Lignite Briquettes ||> 34, | + | ^ Lignite Briquettes |
| - | ||~ Raw Lignite ||||||||||= NE ||= NE ||= | + | ^ Raw Lignite |
| - | ||~ Hard Coal ||||||||||= NE ||= NE ||= | + | ^ Hard Coal |
| - | ||~ Hard Coal Coke ||||||||||= NE ||= NE ||= | + | ^ Hard Coal Coke | NE |
| - | ^^1^^ tier1 default from [((bibcite 1))], chapter: 1.A.3.b i-iv - Road transport: exhaust emissions: tier1 value for diesel vehicles[[footnote]] EMEP/EEA GB 2016, chapter 1.A.3c, page 6, Table 3-1: " | + | <sup>1</ |
| - | ^^2^^ tier1 default from [((bibcite 1))], chapter: 1.A.3.c - Railways | + | <sup>2</sup> |
| - | ^^3^^ sum of tier1 default value applied for B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, and I[...]P | + | <sup>3</ |
| - | As the EMEP/EEA GB 2016 does not provide a tier1 value for **PCDD/F**, the EF applied here has been derived from a study carried out by Rentz et al. (2008) [((bibcite 2))] for the German Federal Environment Agency. | + | As the EMEP/EEA GB 2019 does not provide a tier1 value for **PCDD/F**, the EF applied here has been derived from a study carried out by Rentz et al. (2008) [(RENTZ2008)] for the German Federal Environment Agency. |
| - | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | =====Inland Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d ii ===== |
| - | : GB2016_EF_NE+NA_1.A.3.c.png | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + Inland Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d ii | + | |
| __Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to inland ships and vessels__ | __Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to inland ships and vessels__ | ||
| - | ||= ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4**^^2^^ ||= **HCB** ||= **PCBs** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | | |
| - | ||= ||||||||||||||= [mg/ | + | | | [mg/ |
| - | ||~ Diesel oil ||> 698^^4^^ ||> 1,164^^4^^ ||> 801^^5^^ ||> 184^^5^^ ||> 2,847 ||> 1.86^^3^^ ||> 0.88^^3^^ ||> 93.0^^7^^ ||> | + | ^ Diesel oil |
| - | ||~ Biodiesel^^1^^ ||> 806 ||> 1,343 ||> 924 ||> 212 ||> 3,284 ||> 1.02 ||> 2.15 ||> 107 ||> | + | ^ Biodiesel<sup>1</ |
| - | ^^1^^ similar EF for biodiesel applied for all mobile sources; due to lack of better information EF values are derived from conventional diesel oil but taking into account the specific NCV of biodiesel | + | <sup>1</ |
| - | ^^2^^ sum of tier1 default values applied for B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, and I[1, | + | <sup>2</ |
| - | ^^3^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation: Tables 3-1 and 3-2 | + | <sup>3</ |
| - | ^^4^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.c Railways: Diesel, Table 3-1 | + | <sup>4</ |
| - | ^^5^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.b.i, 1.A.3.b.ii, 1.A.3.b.iii, | + | <sup>5</ |
| - | + Maritime Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d i, 1.A.3.d ii, 1.A.4.c iii and 1.A.5.b iii | + | ===== Maritime Vessels and Ships in 1.A.3.d i, 1.A.3.d ii, 1.A.4.c iii and 1.A.5.b iii ===== |
| The following table provides the tier1 EF applied for POPs from ships and vessels in both civil and military operation in NFR categories 1.A.3.d i -International Maritime Navigation, 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation (Shipping), 1.A.4.c iii -Fisheryand 1.A.5.b iii - Other: Military Navigation. | The following table provides the tier1 EF applied for POPs from ships and vessels in both civil and military operation in NFR categories 1.A.3.d i -International Maritime Navigation, 1.A.3.d ii - National Navigation (Shipping), 1.A.4.c iii -Fisheryand 1.A.5.b iii - Other: Military Navigation. | ||
| __Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to maritime ships and vessels__ | __Table 4: Tier1 default emission factors applied to maritime ships and vessels__ | ||
| - | ||= ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4**^^2^^ ||= **HCB** ||= **PCBs** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | | ^ |
| - | ||= ||||||||||||||= [mg/ | + | | |
| - | ||~ Diesel oil ||> 698^^4^^ ||> 1,164^^4^^ ||> 801^^5^^ ||> 184^^5^^ ||> 2,847 ||> 1.86^^3^^ ||> 0.88^^3^^ ||> 93.0^^7^^ ||> | + | ^ Diesel oil | |
| - | ||~ Biodiesel^^1^^ ||> 806 ||> 1,343 ||> 924 ||> 212 ||> 3,284 ||> 2.15 ||> 1.02 ||> 107 ||> | + | ^ Biodiesel<sup>1</ |
| - | ||~ Heavy Fuel oil^^6^^ ||> 741 ||> 1,235 ||> 849 ||> 195 ||> 3,020 ||> 3.46 ||> 14.1 ||> 98.7 ||> | + | ^ Heavy Fuel oil<sup>6</ |
| - | ^^1^^ similar EF for biodiesel applied for all mobile sources; due to lack of better information EF values are derived from conventional diesel oil but taking into account the specific NCV of biodiesel | + | <sup>1</ |
| - | ^^2^^ sum of tier1 default values applied for B[a]P, B[b]F, B[k]F, and I[1, | + | <sup>2</ |
| - | ^^3^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.d.i, 1.A.3.d.ii, 1.A.4.c.iii Navigation: Tables 3-1 and 3-2 | + | <sup>3</ |
| - | ^^4^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.c Railways: Diesel, Table 3-1 | + | <sup>4</ |
| - | ^^5^^ tier1 defaults from [((bibcite 1))], Chapter: 1.A.3.b.i, 1.A.3.b.ii, 1.A.3.b.iii, | + | <sup>5</ |
| - | ^^6^^ derived from default for fossil diesel oil, but adapted to specific NCV of heavy fuel oil | + | <sup>6</ |
| - | ^^7^^ tier1 value derived from [((bibcite 2))] | + | <sup>7</ |
| - | [[gallery size=" | + | ===== Aircraft in 1.A.3.a and 1.A.5.b ii ===== |
| - | : GB2016_EF_NE+NA_Navigation_HFO.PNG | + | |
| - | : GB2016_EF_NE+NA_Navigation_MDO.PNG | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + Aircraft in 1.A.3.a and 1.A.5.b ii | + | |
| The EMEP/EEA GB 2016 (July 2017) does not provide specific defaults for POP emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene and aviation gasoline, stating that for for aviation gasoline these emissions are //not estimated// (NE): | The EMEP/EEA GB 2016 (July 2017) does not provide specific defaults for POP emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene and aviation gasoline, stating that for for aviation gasoline these emissions are //not estimated// (NE): | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[gallery size=" | ||
| - | : GB2016(July2017)_EF_NA+NE_Avgas.PNG | ||
| - | [[/ | ||
| Therefore, the inventory compiler decided to apply the tier1 EF for **PAHs** from gasoline fuel used in non-road mobile machinery here, too. | Therefore, the inventory compiler decided to apply the tier1 EF for **PAHs** from gasoline fuel used in non-road mobile machinery here, too. | ||
| - | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
| As the Party assumes that POP emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene are unlikely to occur, these emission are reported as //not applicable// | As the Party assumes that POP emissions from the combustion of jet kerosene are unlikely to occur, these emission are reported as //not applicable// | ||
| - | __Table 5: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to aircraft, in [mg/TJ]__ | + | __Table 5: Tier1 default emisison factors applied to aircraft, in mg/TJ__ |
| - | || ||= **B[a]P** ||= **B[b]F** ||= **B[k]F** ||= **I[...]p** ||= **PAH 1-4** ||= **PCDD/F** ||= | + | | | **B[a]P** | **B[b]F** | **B[k]F** | **I[...]p** | **PAH 1-4** | **PCDD/F** | |
| - | ||~ Kerosene ||= NA ||= NA ||= NA ||= NA ||= NA ||= NA ||> | + | ^ Kerosene | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| - | ||~ Aviation gasoline ||> 126 ||> 182 ||> 90 ||> 205 ||> 602 ||= NE ||> | + | ^ Aviation gasoline | 126 | 182 | 90 | 205 | 602 | NE | |
| ------ | ------ | ||
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
| - | : 1 : EMEP/EEA (2016): EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
| - | : 2 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |