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general:point_sources:start [2021/04/28 21:27] – zagorskigeneral:point_sources:start [2024/11/06 13:47] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ====== Chapter 10.1 - Point Sources  ====== ====== Chapter 10.1 - Point Sources  ======
  
-Germany, alongside with the European Union (EU) and EU Member States, has signed the //UN-ECE PRTR Protocol//, whereby Germany commits to establish and operate a national Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) for public information. //The E-PRTR Regulation (European Regulation (EC) No 166/2006)// and the //German PRTR Act (SchadRegProtAG)// provide the legal basis for this. If pollutant threshold values or waste quantities specified in the E-PRTR Ordinance are exceeded, releases of pollutants to air, water and soil, shipments with wastewater, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes from certain industrial activities have to be reported annually for the PRTR.+==== Background ==== 
 + 
 +Germany, alongside with the European Union (EU) and EU Member States, has signed the //UN-ECE PRTR Protocol//, whereby Germany commits to establish and operate a national Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) for public information. //The E-PRTR Regulation (European Regulation (EC) No 166/2006)// and the //German PRTR Act (SchadRegProtAG)// provide the legal basis for this fact. If pollutant threshold values or waste quantities specified in the E-PRTR Ordinance are exceeded, releases of pollutants to air, water and soil, shipments with wastewater, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes from certain industrial activities have to be reported annually for the PRTR.
 [(SchadstoffeimPRTR2017)] [(SchadstoffeimPRTR2017)]
    
- 
 Since December 31, 2016, the new //NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU)// on the reduction of the national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants came into force, replacing the //Directive (2001/81/EC)// on National Emission Ceilings. The new //NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU)// requires EU Member States to achieve new reduction targets from 2030, which in addition to the previously regulated air pollutants SO₂, NOₓ, NMVOC and NH₃, also include reduction targets for particulate matter (PM₂.₅) for the first time. This means that the new directive imposes significantly extended reporting obligations on the EU Member States. For the first time, EU Member States are required to create emission inventories for particulate matter, heavy metals and POPs. The inventories must also include emission projections. Furthermore, emissions from large point sources must be reported and emission data must be spatially itemized.  Since December 31, 2016, the new //NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU)// on the reduction of the national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants came into force, replacing the //Directive (2001/81/EC)// on National Emission Ceilings. The new //NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU)// requires EU Member States to achieve new reduction targets from 2030, which in addition to the previously regulated air pollutants SO₂, NOₓ, NMVOC and NH₃, also include reduction targets for particulate matter (PM₂.₅) for the first time. This means that the new directive imposes significantly extended reporting obligations on the EU Member States. For the first time, EU Member States are required to create emission inventories for particulate matter, heavy metals and POPs. The inventories must also include emission projections. Furthermore, emissions from large point sources must be reported and emission data must be spatially itemized. 
 For the first time in 2017 and then every four years, EU Member States must report spatially distributed emissions (raster data) with a resolution of 0.1° x 0.1° (longitude-latitude). Large point sources (LPS) must be reported every 4 years, starting in 2017. Reporting is mandatory for agro-industrial and industrial activities whose annual emissions exceed certain thresholds, which correspond to those for emissions reporting under //the E-PRTR Regulation (European Regulation (EC) No 166/2006)//. For the first time in 2017 and then every four years, EU Member States must report spatially distributed emissions (raster data) with a resolution of 0.1° x 0.1° (longitude-latitude). Large point sources (LPS) must be reported every 4 years, starting in 2017. Reporting is mandatory for agro-industrial and industrial activities whose annual emissions exceed certain thresholds, which correspond to those for emissions reporting under //the E-PRTR Regulation (European Regulation (EC) No 166/2006)//.
 [(Ufoplan2019)] [(Ufoplan2019)]
  
-Annex IV of the Directive indicates, that member states shall prepare emission inventories "in accordance with the methodologies recognized by the Parties to the //LRTAP Convention (EMEP reporting guidelines)//" and "shall base their reporting on the //Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (EMEP/EUA Guidelines)// referred to in the Convention."+Annex IV of the Directive indicates, that the Member States shall prepare emission inventories "in accordance with the methodologies recognized by the Parties to the //LRTAP Convention (EMEP reporting guidelines)//" and "shall base their reporting on the //Air Pollutant Emissions Inventory (EMEP/EUA Guidelines)// referred to in the Convention."
 //The reporting guidelines (UNECE 2015)// define large point sources as follows:  //The reporting guidelines (UNECE 2015)// define large point sources as follows: 
  
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 +==== Reporting ====
  
-Germany provided its point source data under the LRTAP convention for the first time in 2017. However, additional information is missing, such as stack heights, which are not available at the federal level. Therefore, the German submission is rather a copy of the ePRTR data available on both the [[https://www.thru.de/thrude/|national]] and [[https://prtr.eea.europa.eu/#/home|European websites]]. The most recent provision of Large Point Source data refer to 2018, as data for 2019 are not yet available.+Germany provided its point source data under the LRTAP convention for the first time in 2017. In principle, the German LPS data submission is mainly a copy of the ePRTR data available on both the [[https://www.thru.de/thrude/|national]] and [[https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/member-states-reporting-art-7-under-the-european-pollutant-release-and-transfer-register-e-prtr-regulation-23|European websites]]. However, as some additional information is missing in the ePRTR dataset, such as stack heights, which are not available at the federal level, some gap filling is needed and explained below. 
 + 
 +Please note that the most recent provision of large point source data, submitted in 2021, is based on the 2018 dataset, as ePRTR data for 2019 are not yet available.
  
 <figure> <figure>
-<caption>**Large Point Sources for different GNFR sectors for Germany for the year 2018 (according to own presentation)**</caption>+<caption>**Large point sources for different GNFR sectors for Germany for the year 2018**</caption>
 {{ :general:point_sources:lpsgrafik.png?nolink&600 | Large Point Sources for Germany}} {{ :general:point_sources:lpsgrafik.png?nolink&600 | Large Point Sources for Germany}}
 </figure>  </figure> 
 +Source of data: https://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/de/un/clrtap/lps/envyikmeq
  
-====Method====+==== Methodology ====
  
-===Format adjustment and quality checks on PRTR data===+=== Quality checks ===
  
-Various quality checks of the data were carried out beforehand. The data from the ePRTR database, which is provided by the website www.thru.de, was cleaned, processed and missing data was added. Now the data can be transferred into a suitable format (Excel template under LRTAP convention). Before the data could be transformed into the appropriate format for submission, several data preconditions were determined. Furthermore, data quality checks were performed. The total emissions of the LPS were cross-checked with the corresponding NFR tables. Below is a list of the quality checks that have been performed.+Various quality checks of the data were carried out before submission. The data from the ePRTR database was cleaned, processed and missing data was added. Then, the data was transferred into a suitable format (Excel template under LRTAP convention). Before the data could be transformed into the appropriate format for submission, several data preconditions were determined. Furthermore, data quality checks were performed. Below is a list of the quality checks that have been performed.
  
-  * The sum of LPS emissions was calculated and compared with the NFR tables +  * Calculation of the sum of LPS emissions and comparison with the NFR tables 
-  * unit mistakes checks were carried out +  * Unit mistakes checks  
-  * it was checked if there is any missing information in the data (like ID’s, stack heighs, GNFR, coordinates, etc.) +  * Outlier checks 
-  * it was checked if the given coordinates are within Germany +  * Verification of missing information in the data (such as ID’s, stack heights, GNFR, coordinates, etc.) 
-  * sanitizing of plant names +  * Checking whether the coordinates are within Germany 
-  * Comparison of quantities (e.g., quantities of PM10 and PM2.5 should be smaller than quantities of heavy metals)+  * Checking whether there are duplicates in the coordinates
  
-  +For example, all point sources identified as outliers in the box plots below were checked individually to be correct: 
-Furthermore, efforts were made to provide the missing information regarding stack heights. GNFR membership and stack height class have been added according to Table. The table below shows the performed data quality checks with further explanations. {{ref>StackHeights}} [(Ufoplan2019)]:+ 
 +{{ :general:point_sources:outliers_main.png?nolink&1000 | Outliers main pollutants}} 
 + 
 +{{ :general:point_sources:outliers_others.png?nolink&1000 | Outliers other pollutants}}
  
  
-Point source emissions have been derived for the following GNFR sectors:+=== GNFR codes and stack heights ===
  
-  * A_PublicPower +The ePRTR dataset includes most of the information needed for LPS reporting. However, both GNFR sectors and stack heights are not included. These point source meta data are instead derived from the PRTR activities given and by researching some important point sources individually. In general, GNFR membership and stack height class have been added according to Table {{ref>StackHeights}} below (mainly based on the Environmental Research Plan of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety) [(Ufoplan2019)].
-  * B_Industry +
-  * C_OtherStatComb +
-  * D_Fugitives +
-  * E_Solvents +
-  * F_RoadTransport +
-  * G_Shipping +
-  * H_Aviation +
-  * I_OtherMobile +
-  * J_Waste +
-  * K_AgriLivestock +
-  * L_AgriOther +
-  * M_Other+
  
-<table StackHeights>+<table StackHeights> 
 <caption>**Stack heights and further information related to the GNFR sectors **</caption> <caption>**Stack heights and further information related to the GNFR sectors **</caption>
-^ E-PRTR number  ^ E-PRTR description                                                                                                                                                                    ^ GNFR             ^ class  ^+^ Activity code from ePRTR  ^ ePRTR description                                                                                                                                                                    ^ GNFR             ^ Stack height class  ^
 | 1.a            | Mineral oil and gas refineries                                                                                                                                                        | B_Industry       | 4      | | 1.a            | Mineral oil and gas refineries                                                                                                                                                        | B_Industry       | 4      |
 | 1.b            | Installations for gasification and liquefaction                                                                                                                                       | B_Industry       | 4      | | 1.b            | Installations for gasification and liquefaction                                                                                                                                       | B_Industry       | 4      |
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 </table> </table>
  
-====References====+==== References ====
  
 [(SchadstoffeimPRTR2017>Schadstoffe im PRTR - Situation in Deutschland - Berichtsjahre 2007 - 2018, Umweltbundesamt, 2020 [[https://www.thru.de/fileadmin/SITE_MASTER/content/Dokumente/Schadstoffe/Schadstoffe_im_PRTR_Deutschland_Branchen_DEU_latest.pdf|External Link]] )] [(SchadstoffeimPRTR2017>Schadstoffe im PRTR - Situation in Deutschland - Berichtsjahre 2007 - 2018, Umweltbundesamt, 2020 [[https://www.thru.de/fileadmin/SITE_MASTER/content/Dokumente/Schadstoffe/Schadstoffe_im_PRTR_Deutschland_Branchen_DEU_latest.pdf|External Link]] )]