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general:trends:emission_trends_sulfur_dioxide [2021/02/08 15:25] – [Main drivers] gniffkegeneral:trends:emission_trends_sulfur_dioxide [2024/11/06 14:47] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 More recently, Germany has made a commitment under the multicomponent protocol to further minimise SO₂ emissions. Since 2010, it is no longer permissible to exceed a National Emission Ceiling of 550kt SO₂ for Germany as whole. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 21% (2020) and 58% (2030) reductions respectively. More recently, Germany has made a commitment under the multicomponent protocol to further minimise SO₂ emissions. Since 2010, it is no longer permissible to exceed a National Emission Ceiling of 550kt SO₂ for Germany as whole. The revised Gothenburg Protocol and the revised NEC Directive both define emission reduction targets relative to a 2005 base year, mandating 21% (2020) and 58% (2030) reductions respectively.
  
-Further details can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]].+While Germany's compliance with these obligations is not discussed here, further information on this subject can be found in [[general:projections:start|Chapter 9 - Projections]] and [[general:adjustments:start|Chapter 11 - Adjustments and Emission Ceiling Exceedance]].
  
  
 ===== Main drivers ===== ===== Main drivers =====
-By far the largest proportion of SO₂ is produced by the oxidation of the sulphur contained in the fuels used in combustion processes, **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with close to 96% of total SO₂ emissions in 1990 and a 96% reduction between 1990-2019. In 1990, the biggest source of emissions therein is **Public Electricity and Heat Production (NFR 1.A.1.a)** with about 60% of the emissions from **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)**. Other sources substantially influencing the SO₂ emission trend are **Manufacturing Industries and Construction (NFR 1.A.2)** and **Other Sectors (NFR 1.A.4**, including commercial/institutional and residential sources), each adding about one fifth of 1990 emissions from Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A). All of these sub-categories show a reduction >95 per cent between 1990 and 2019, due to stricter regulations of West Germany that applied to the New German Länder after the German Reunification and changed the fuel mix from sulphur-rich solid fuels to liquid and gaseous fuels.+By far the largest proportion of SO₂ is produced by the oxidation of the sulphur contained in the fuels used in combustion processes, **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)** with a 96% share of total SO₂ emissions in 1990 and a 97% reduction between 1990-2020. In 1990, the biggest source of emissions therein is **Public Electricity and Heat Production (NFR 1.A.1.a)** with about 60% of the emissions from **Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A)**. Other sources substantially influencing the SO₂ emission trend are **Manufacturing Industries and Construction (NFR 1.A.2)** and **Other Sectors (NFR 1.A.4**, including commercial/institutional and residential sources), each adding about one fifth of 1990 emissions from Fuel Combustion (NFR 1.A). All of these sub-categories show a reduction >95 per cent between 1990 and 2020, due to stricter regulations of West Germany that applied to the New German Länder after the German Reunification and changed the fuel mix from sulphur-rich solid fuels to liquid and gaseous fuels.
  
-__SO₂ Emissions 1990-2019__+__SO₂ Emissions 1990-2020__
  
-^  Total Emissions (kt)                                                                                                          |||||||||||||^  Trend: latest compared to                                                                  || +^  Total Emissions (kt)                                                                                                                  ||||||||||||||^  Trend: latest compared to                                                                  || 
-^  1990                  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  1990                                            ^  last years                               ^ +^  1990                  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^  1990                                            ^  last years                               ^ 
-|                  5.475 |  1.752 |    651 |    477 |    405 |    389 |    372 |    360 |    339 |    336 |    311 |    303 |    292 |    263 |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}} -95,2%  |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}}  |+|                  5.460 |  1.742 |    643 |    473 |    403 |    387 |    368 |    357 |    335 |    334 |    309 |    301 |    289 |    259 |    233 |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}} -95.7%  |  {{:general:trends:down_green.png|down}}  |
  
-[{{:general:trends:iir_so2_trend.png?400|**SO₂ trend by sector**}}]+[{{:general:trends:iir_so2_trend.png?direct&600|**SO₂ trend by sector**}}] 
 +[{{:general:trends:iir_so2_trend_from_2005.png?direct&600|**SO₂ trend by sector, from 2005**}}]