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general:trends:start [2021/02/03 11:46] – [Chapter 2 - Explanation of Key Trends] Formatting gniffkegeneral:trends:start [2024/11/06 14:47] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== Detailed emission trends ===== ===== Detailed emission trends =====
-  * [[emission-trends-nitrogen-oxide|Nitrogen Oxide (NOₓ)]] +  * [[emission trends nitrogen oxide|Nitrogen Oxide (NOₓ)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-sulfur-dioxide |Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)]] +  * [[emission trends sulfur dioxide |Sulfur dioxide (SO₂)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-non-methane-volatile-organic-compounds |Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC)]] +  * [[emission trends non methane volatile organic compounds |Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-ammonia |Ammonia (NH₃)]] +  * [[emission trends ammonia |Ammonia (NH₃)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-carbon-monoxide |Carbon Monoxide (CO)]] +  * [[emission trends carbon monoxide |Carbon Monoxide (CO)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-total-suspended-particulate-matter |Total suspended particulate matter (TSP)]] +  * [[emission trends total suspended particulate matter |Total suspended particulate matter (TSP)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-pm10 |Fine Particulate Matter (PM₁₀)]] +  * [[emission trends pm10 |Fine Particulate Matter (PM₁₀)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-pm2-5 |Fine Particulate Matter (PM₂.₅)]] +  * [[emission trends pm2.5 |Fine Particulate Matter (PM₂.₅)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-bc |Black Carbon (BC)]] +  * [[emission trends bc |Black Carbon (BC)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-persistent-organic-pollutants |Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)]] +  * [[emission trends persistent organic pollutants |Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP)]] 
-  * [[emission-trends-heavy-metals |Heavy Metals (HM)]]+  * [[emission trends heavy metals |Heavy Metals (HM)]]
  
 ===== Total emission trends ===== ===== Total emission trends =====
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 Air pollution control measures, regulated by law from 1983 onward, have led to a further major pollutant reduction of average annual levels – to below 25 μg/m³ in the case of SO₂ concentrations. In eastern Germany, decreases in SO₂ and particulate emissions associated with economic restructuring, redevelopment of smokestack industrial areas, and the construction of advanced, state-of-the-art industrial plants are also reflected in the emission concentrations measured. For example, the annual mean SO₂ pollution levels in the industrial and urban conurbations of West Saxony, southern Saxony-Anhalt, and eastern Thuringia fell from about 150–175 μg/m³ to 8–15 μg/m³ between 1990 and 2003. As a result of the reductions achieved, the winter smog alarms that were previously caused by sulphur dioxide emissions have been effectively eliminated. This applies to both East and West Germany, even in topographically unfavourable locations such as valleys and geological basins. Air pollution control measures, regulated by law from 1983 onward, have led to a further major pollutant reduction of average annual levels – to below 25 μg/m³ in the case of SO₂ concentrations. In eastern Germany, decreases in SO₂ and particulate emissions associated with economic restructuring, redevelopment of smokestack industrial areas, and the construction of advanced, state-of-the-art industrial plants are also reflected in the emission concentrations measured. For example, the annual mean SO₂ pollution levels in the industrial and urban conurbations of West Saxony, southern Saxony-Anhalt, and eastern Thuringia fell from about 150–175 μg/m³ to 8–15 μg/m³ between 1990 and 2003. As a result of the reductions achieved, the winter smog alarms that were previously caused by sulphur dioxide emissions have been effectively eliminated. This applies to both East and West Germany, even in topographically unfavourable locations such as valleys and geological basins.
  
- +<figure TotalEM> 
-The graph below shows total emission trends for the most important pollutants. The values are displayed as decrease of emission in percent compared to a base year, set to 1995 for PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, to 2000 for Black Carbon, and 1990 for all other pollutants. All absolute values given are in kilotons (kt). +{{:general:trends:iir_trend.png?direct&direct&800|All pollutants show a reduction, compared to the year 1990 for most pollutants, 1995 for particulate emissions and 2000 for Black Carbon. NH₃ emissions show a reduction of just under 20%, whereas SO₂ shows the largest reduction with -95% compared to 1990}} 
- +<caption>**Total emission trends for the most important pollutants** in percent decrease compared to a base year, set to 1995 for PM₂.₅ and PM₁₀, to 2000 for Black Carbon, and 1990 for all other pollutants.</caption> 
-(insert diagram & table)+</figure>
  
 Due to the fact that air pollution is not being kept within national borders, the issue has been on both the UN's as well as the European Union's agenda for a long time, resulting in increasingly strict regulations for air quality management, as new knowledge and concepts were taken into consideration. The framework for these regulations is the Council "Framework" //Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management//, the objectives and principles of which are set out in concrete terms in so-called daughter directives. Due to the fact that air pollution is not being kept within national borders, the issue has been on both the UN's as well as the European Union's agenda for a long time, resulting in increasingly strict regulations for air quality management, as new knowledge and concepts were taken into consideration. The framework for these regulations is the Council "Framework" //Directive 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management//, the objectives and principles of which are set out in concrete terms in so-called daughter directives.