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sector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:3df_agriculture_other [2021/12/23 09:38] – [Background] doeringsector:agriculture:agricultural_soils:3df_agriculture_other [2022/01/12 13:26] – [Table] doering
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 As activity data, domestic sales of pesticides with the active substances chlorothalonil, picloram and updated data of lindane compiled by the BVL((BVL (2021a) (Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Braunschweig): personal communication of the active substance data, 2021.)) were used (reports pursuant to § 64 of the Plant Protection Act (PflSchG, 2012 ((PflSchG (2012): Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Pflanzenschutzgesetzes, Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl), Jahrgang 2012, Teil I, Nr. 7, § 64.))); (cf. Table II, domestic sales)((BVL,(2021b): Berichte über Inlandsabsatz und Export von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, 2021, https://www.bvl.bund.de/DE/Arbeitsbereiche/04_Pflanzenschutzmittel/01_Aufgaben/02_ZulassungPSM/03_PSMInlandsabsatzAusfuhr/psm_PSMInlandsabsatzAusfuhr_node.html)). Since mid-2020, domestic sales of all active substances have been published. As activity data, domestic sales of pesticides with the active substances chlorothalonil, picloram and updated data of lindane compiled by the BVL((BVL (2021a) (Bundesamts für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit Braunschweig): personal communication of the active substance data, 2021.)) were used (reports pursuant to § 64 of the Plant Protection Act (PflSchG, 2012 ((PflSchG (2012): Gesetz zur Neuordnung des Pflanzenschutzgesetzes, Bundesgesetzblatt (BGBl), Jahrgang 2012, Teil I, Nr. 7, § 64.))); (cf. Table II, domestic sales)((BVL,(2021b): Berichte über Inlandsabsatz und Export von Pflanzenschutzmitteln, 2021, https://www.bvl.bund.de/DE/Arbeitsbereiche/04_Pflanzenschutzmittel/01_Aufgaben/02_ZulassungPSM/03_PSMInlandsabsatzAusfuhr/psm_PSMInlandsabsatzAusfuhr_node.html)). Since mid-2020, domestic sales of all active substances have been published.
  
-//Table II, Domestic Sales Statistic of Chlorthalonil, Picloram and Lindane from 1990 until 2020.// +//Table II, Domestic Sales Statistic of Chlorothalonil, Picloram and Lindane from 1990 until 2020.// 
-^        ^  Chlorthalonil  ^  Picloram  ^  Lindane  ^+^        ^  Chlorothalonil  ^  Picloram  ^  Lindane  ^
 ^  Year  ^  in t/a         ^  in t/a    ^  in t/a   ^ ^  Year  ^  in t/a         ^  in t/a    ^  in t/a   ^
 | 1990   |           317,3 |          - |     120,4 | | 1990   |           317,3 |          - |     120,4 |
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 Thus, a maximum HCB concentration of 300 mg/kg (IPCS, 1996 ((IPCS (1996), Chlorothalonil. Environmental Health Criteria, 183. 145pp. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN 92-4-157183-7. C12138614.7.))) is considered for the years 1990 until 1999 for Germany. Thus, a maximum HCB concentration of 300 mg/kg (IPCS, 1996 ((IPCS (1996), Chlorothalonil. Environmental Health Criteria, 183. 145pp. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. ISBN 92-4-157183-7. C12138614.7.))) is considered for the years 1990 until 1999 for Germany.
  
-Directive 2005/53/EC ((Directive 2005/53/EC: Commission Directive 2005/53/EC of 16 September 2005 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC to include chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, cypermethrin, daminozide and thiophanate-methyl as active substances 2005/53/EC C.F.R. (2005).)), which entered into force on 1 March 2006, established a maximum permitted HCB concentration of 10 mg/kg in chlorothalonil as a technical active substance. Due to a review by the FAO 288/2005 (see FAO 2015, p.22 and p. 51) and taking into account the results of batch samples testing the impurity the max. concentration was raised again up to 0.04 g/kg. Thus, the standard was raised to 40 mg/kg in Directive 2006/76/EC ((Directive 2006/76/EC: Commission Directive 2006/76/EC of 22 September 2006 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC as regards the specification of the active substance chlorothalonil (Text with EEA relevance) 2006/76/EC C.F.R. (2006))). According to the current FAO Specifications and Evaluations for Agricultural Pesticides, Chlorothalonil (2020)((FAO (2020): FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Specifications and Evaluations for Chlorothalonil, [[http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/pests/jmps/ps-new/en/#C]])) continues to be reported at 40 mg/kg (see Table 1, page 18). +Directive 2005/53/EC ((Directive 2005/53/EC: Commission Directive 2005/53/EC of 16 September 2005 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC to include chlorothalonil, chlorotoluron, cypermethrin, daminozide and thiophanate-methyl as active substances 2005/53/EC C.F.R. (2005).)), which entered into force on 1 March 2006, established a maximum permitted HCB concentration of 10 mg/kg in chlorothalonil as a technical active substance. Due to a review by the FAO 288/2005 (see FAO 2015, p.22 and p. 51) and taking into account the results of batch samples testing the impurity the max. concentration was raised again up to 0.04 g/kg. Thus, the standard was raised to 40 mg/kg in Directive 2006/76/EC ((Directive 2006/76/EC: Commission Directive 2006/76/EC of 22 September 2006 amending Council Directive 91/414/EEC as regards the specification of the active substance chlorothalonil (Text with EEA relevance) 2006/76/EC C.F.R. (2006))). According to the current FAO Specifications and Evaluations for Agricultural Pesticides, Chlorothalonil (2020)((FAO (2020): FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Specifications and Evaluations for Chlorothalonil, [[http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/thematic-sitemap/theme/pests/jmps/ps-new/en/#C]])) continues to be reported at 40 mg/kg (see Table 1, p. 18). 
  
 For the years as of 2000, the specified maximum HCB concentrations in chlorothalonil differ considerably from pesticide to pesticide – in some cases despite the EU-regulation, the values differ from year to year for the same pesticide. For the year 2000 an interim value was calulated by linear interpolation. (170 mg/kg).  For the years as of 2000, the specified maximum HCB concentrations in chlorothalonil differ considerably from pesticide to pesticide – in some cases despite the EU-regulation, the values differ from year to year for the same pesticide. For the year 2000 an interim value was calulated by linear interpolation. (170 mg/kg). 
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 While this results from the large quantities of chlorothalonil-containing pesticides sold, it is also due to the high chlorothalonil concentrations in such pesticides and to the high permitted maximum HCB concentrations (0.3 g/kg), in chlorothalonil as a technical active substance, that applied prior to 2000. Due to the revised data, changes in HCB quantities occur. While this results from the large quantities of chlorothalonil-containing pesticides sold, it is also due to the high chlorothalonil concentrations in such pesticides and to the high permitted maximum HCB concentrations (0.3 g/kg), in chlorothalonil as a technical active substance, that applied prior to 2000. Due to the revised data, changes in HCB quantities occur.
 +
 The maximum HCB quantity for picloram, in the period under consideration, were lower, respectively, than the relevant quantities for chlorothalonil. For this reason, fluctuations in sales of picloram have very little impact on maximum HCB quantities.The maximum HCB quantities used in the 2022 submission correspond to the emissions and are presented under the chapter 'Recalculations'. The maximum HCB quantity for picloram, in the period under consideration, were lower, respectively, than the relevant quantities for chlorothalonil. For this reason, fluctuations in sales of picloram have very little impact on maximum HCB quantities.The maximum HCB quantities used in the 2022 submission correspond to the emissions and are presented under the chapter 'Recalculations'.
  
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-The following chart give an overview of the emission trend of HCB (see Picture 1). HCB emissions were fully recalculated up to 1990. HCB emissions are mainly dominated by the share of chlorothalonil. According to the BVL (2021a), a possible explanation for the increase in HCB emissions from 2005 onwards would be the re-approval of "Bravo 500" in December 2004 against Septoria in wheat and then for the first time against Phytophthora in potatoes.+The following chart give an overview of the emission trend of HCB (see Picture 1). HCB emissions were fully recalculated up to 1990. HCB emissions are mainly dominated by the share of chlorothalonil. According to the BVL (2021a), a possible explanation for the increase in HCB emissions from 2005 onwards would be the re-approval of "Bravo 500" in December 2004 against Septoria in wheat and then for the first time against phytophthora in potatoes.
 It is possible that the first "sell-out" took place in 2014, as the end of approval for "Bravo 500" was originally 30.04.2016 with a sales deadline of 30.10.2016 and a phase-out period for users until 30.10.2017. It is possible that the first "sell-out" took place in 2014, as the end of approval for "Bravo 500" was originally 30.04.2016 with a sales deadline of 30.10.2016 and a phase-out period for users until 30.10.2017.
 The end of the EU active substance authorisation for chlorothalonil was later extended to 31.10.2018 and again to 31.10.2019, and with it the authorisations for the plant protection products in Germany. With the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/677 23), the BVL revoked the last three approvals for plant protection products containing chlorothalonil on 31 October 2019((cf. BVL; 2019: BVL - Fachmeldungen - Widerruf der Zulassung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln mit dem Wirkstoff Chlorthalonil zum 31. Oktober 2019. (2019, 31. Oktober). Abgerufen am September 2021, von https://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/Fachmeldungen/04_pflanzenschutzmittel/2019/2019_06_19_Fa_Widerruf_Chlorthalonil.html)). A sell-off period until 30 April 2020 applied. Often, in the last years before the end of the approval, the remaining stocks are brought onto the market, which leads to higher sales than in previous years. The end of the EU active substance authorisation for chlorothalonil was later extended to 31.10.2018 and again to 31.10.2019, and with it the authorisations for the plant protection products in Germany. With the Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/677 23), the BVL revoked the last three approvals for plant protection products containing chlorothalonil on 31 October 2019((cf. BVL; 2019: BVL - Fachmeldungen - Widerruf der Zulassung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln mit dem Wirkstoff Chlorthalonil zum 31. Oktober 2019. (2019, 31. Oktober). Abgerufen am September 2021, von https://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/Fachmeldungen/04_pflanzenschutzmittel/2019/2019_06_19_Fa_Widerruf_Chlorthalonil.html)). A sell-off period until 30 April 2020 applied. Often, in the last years before the end of the approval, the remaining stocks are brought onto the market, which leads to higher sales than in previous years.
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-^  Emissions     ^  Unit  ^  1990  ^  1991  ^  1992  ^  1993  ^  1994  ^  1995  ^  1996  ^  1997  ^  1998  ^  1999  ^ +^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  1990  ^  1991  ^  1992  ^  1993  ^  1994  ^  1995  ^  1996  ^  1997  ^  1998  ^  1999  ^ 
-| HCB_SUB 2022   |  kg    |  107.2 |  138.1 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | +| HCB_SUB 2022  |  kg    |  107.2 |  138.1 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | 
-| HCB_SUB 2021   |  kg    |  107.1 |    138 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | +| HCB_SUB 2021  |  kg    |  107.1 |    138 |   55.7 |   29.7 |   26.7 |     18 |   26.6 |   24.2 |    5.0 |   45.0 | 
-| Difference     |  kg    |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 | +| Difference    |  kg    |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |   0.04 |   0.03 |   0.01 |   0.02 |   0.01 |    0.0 |    0.0 | 
-| Difference     |  %     |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.0 |    0.0 |    0.0 |+| Difference    |  %     |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.0 |    0.0 |    0.0 |
  
 ^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2000  ^  2001  ^  2002  ^  2003  ^  2004  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^ ^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2000  ^  2001  ^  2002  ^  2003  ^  2004  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^
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 | Difference    |  kg    |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |   22.9 |   24.1 |   19.8 |   19.2 |   15.8 | | Difference    |  kg    |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |   22.9 |   24.1 |   19.8 |   19.2 |   15.8 |
 | Difference    |  %     |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    300 | | Difference    |  %     |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |      0 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    200 |    300 |
-| Difference    |  %     |   18.6 |    0.8 |      1 |    9.6 |    1.6 |   34.3 |   36.2 |   29.6 |   28.8 |     21 | 
  
 ^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ ^  Emissions    ^  Unit  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^
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 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
- +According to the BVL, no maximum permitted HCB concentrations have ever been legally established for the technical active substances atrazine, simazine, lindane and clopyralid, nor are such limits in place today. Further information on the sales volumes of atrazine, simazine and cloparylide is now available but not included in the current submission. The method will be reviewed accordingly, adjusted and extended for the 2023 submission.
- +
-No improvements are planned for the next submissions.+