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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2021/01/25 16:17] – [Table] juhrich | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2022/03/22 11:23] – [Methodology] kotzulla | ||
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Source category //1.A.1.a - Public Electricity and Heat Production// | Source category //1.A.1.a - Public Electricity and Heat Production// | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | T2 | NS | CS | | + | | 1.A.1.a |
+ | ^ ^ | ||
+ | | Key Category: | ||
{{page> | {{page> | ||
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A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, | A method amounting to Tier 2 is used for emission reporting. This means the use of country-specific data at a more detailed level. Emission factors and activity data are available for different fuel types, different technologies, | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | == Conventional fuels == | + | |
- | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB, 2019: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy: | + | === Conventional fuels === |
+ | |||
+ | The key source of all conventional fuels is the National Energy Balance (NEB) [(AGEB, 2019: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy: | ||
Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | Above-mentioned data provided by the NEB are summarised fuel consumption data. To get technical details which are needed for calculating emissions, additional statistical data are used. | ||
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All the data result in the calculation model " | All the data result in the calculation model " | ||
- | When the calculations for submission | + | When the calculations for submission |
For waste incineration plants, both energy and waste statistics are used to ensure completeness and to avoid double counting. | For waste incineration plants, both energy and waste statistics are used to ensure completeness and to avoid double counting. | ||
- | == Biomass == | + | === Biomass |
The database for the calculation model consists of the National Energy Balance. Line 14 (" | The database for the calculation model consists of the National Energy Balance. Line 14 (" | ||
== Waste == | == Waste == | ||
- | Activity data from waste incineration plants are given by the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19, Reihe 1 [(DESTATIS, | + | Activity data from waste incineration plants are given by the waste statistics of the Federal Statistical Office (Statistisches Bundesamt, Fachserie 19, Reihe 1 [(DESTATIS, |
Waste quantities are available at a very detailed level for different economic sectors. Municipal and industrial waste were classified in keeping with the Ordinance on the European Waste Catalogue (AVV), with industrial waste including all waste with waste-classification numbers beginning with the numbers 01 through 19. | Waste quantities are available at a very detailed level for different economic sectors. Municipal and industrial waste were classified in keeping with the Ordinance on the European Waste Catalogue (AVV), with industrial waste including all waste with waste-classification numbers beginning with the numbers 01 through 19. | ||
- | === Emission factors === | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
- | == Large and medium combustion plants == | + | |
+ | === Large and medium combustion plants | ||
The underlying data for the emission factors used is provided by the report on the research project " | The underlying data for the emission factors used is provided by the report on the research project " | ||
The values for the intermediate years 1996-1999 and 2001-2008 are obtained via linear interpolation. | The values for the intermediate years 1996-1999 and 2001-2008 are obtained via linear interpolation. | ||
- | That project, along with the linear interpolation for the intermediate years, has also provided the underlying data for the source categories 1.A.1.b, 1.A.1.c and 1.A.2.f i, where the factors include power plants, gas turbines or boilers for production of steam and hot/ warm water. The research project was carried out by the Franco-German Institute for Environmental research (Deutsch-Französisches Institut für Umweltforschung - DFIU) at the University of Karlsruhe and was completed in late 2002. The project' | + | That project, along with the linear interpolation for the intermediate years, has also provided the underlying data for the source categories 1.A.1.b, 1.A.1.c and 1.A.2.f i, where the factors include power plants, gas turbines or boilers for production of steam and hot/ warm water. The research project was carried out by the Franco-German Institute for Environmental research (Deutsch-Französisches Institut für Umweltforschung - DFIU) at the University of Karlsruhe and was completed in late 2002. The project' |
- | As part of another research project, completed in February 2007, for updating the National Programme in the framework of directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants ("NEC Directive" | + | As part of another research project, completed in February 2007, for updating the National Programme in the framework of directive 2001/81/EC on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants ("NEC Directive" |
- | In 2018 and 2019 SO2, NOX, TSP, PM, CO, NH3 and Hg emission factors were revised for all large combustion plants. [(UBA 2019: Kristina Juhrich, Rolf Beckers: " | + | In 2018 and 2019 SO< |
Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ | Heavy metal emission factors are mainly the result of a comprehensive study of PRTR data, which provide information about emissions and the quality (measurement/ | ||
- | HCB emission factors of hard coal and black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the CORINAIR | + | HCB emission factors of hard coal were taken from the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2009. Black carbon emission factors for all fuels are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook |
- | Regarding natural gas and light fuel oil SO2 emission factors were calculated by using data on the sulfur content. In terms of natural gas sulfur content has been measured during a project. Data on all important regions is available. The sulfur of the odorization is also considered, which is a bit conservativ, | + | Regarding natural gas and light fuel oil SO< |
- | == Engines == | + | === Engines |
Emission factors for gas engines were determined by the project: " | Emission factors for gas engines were determined by the project: " | ||
Emission factors for liquid fuels are given by the project: " | Emission factors for liquid fuels are given by the project: " | ||
- | == Waste incineration plants == | + | === Waste incineration plants |
Data source for emission factors of waste incineration plants is the project: " | Data source for emission factors of waste incineration plants is the project: " | ||
The aim of the study was to determine emission factors for municipal waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, waste wood and sewage sludge incineration. Emission factors for 25 pollutants are available. The different fuel categories are consistent with the waste statistic. The fuel category " | The aim of the study was to determine emission factors for municipal waste, industrial waste, hazardous waste, waste wood and sewage sludge incineration. Emission factors for 25 pollutants are available. The different fuel categories are consistent with the waste statistic. The fuel category " | ||
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Furthermore it was necessary to develop a method to calculate emissions from co-incineration systems. In Germany there is a large number of coal fired power plants, which also use a relevant amount of different waste fuels like sewage sludge, industrial waste (for example from paper industry), conditioned municipal waste etc. Since plant-specific data cannot be used, it's necessary to calculate emissions at a more aggregated level. Fuel data are available from ETS. Furthermore the information about the coal qualities is available. Therefore it's possible to calculate specific emission factors for co-incinerated waste fuels. | Furthermore it was necessary to develop a method to calculate emissions from co-incineration systems. In Germany there is a large number of coal fired power plants, which also use a relevant amount of different waste fuels like sewage sludge, industrial waste (for example from paper industry), conditioned municipal waste etc. Since plant-specific data cannot be used, it's necessary to calculate emissions at a more aggregated level. Fuel data are available from ETS. Furthermore the information about the coal qualities is available. Therefore it's possible to calculate specific emission factors for co-incinerated waste fuels. | ||
- | == Table 1: Implied emission factors for public electricity and heat production == | + | __Table |
^ Pollutant | ^ Pollutant | ||
^ Fuel | ^ Fuel | ||
- | ^ Hard Coal | | + | ^ Hard Coal | |
- | ^ Lignite | + | ^ Lignite |
- | ^ Natural gas | 0.1 | 37.3 | 0.3 | 10.4 | NA | 0.01 | NA | | + | ^ Natural gas | 0.1 | 37.0 | 0.3 | 10.4 | NA | 0.01 | NA | |
- | ^ Petroleum products | + | ^ Petroleum products |
- | ^ Biomass (excluding Waste) | + | ^ Biomass (excluding Waste) |
- | ^ Municipal Waste | 3.2 | 49 | 0.5 | 5.0 | 2.70 | 1.10 | 0.36 | | + | ^ Municipal Waste | 3.2 | 49 | 0.6 | 5.0 | 2.70 | 1.10 | 0.36 | |
The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality, the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. There are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. | The table gives an overview of the implied emission factors. In reality, the German inventory compiling process is very complex and includes the use of a considerable number of emission factors, which cannot be published completely in the IIR. There are different emission factors available for diverse fuel types, various techniques and licensing requirements. However, the implied emission factor may give an impression about the order of magnitude. | ||
- | PM10 and PM2.5 emission factors are calculated as a fraction of TSP. Regarding all solid fuels the share of PM10 is 90 % and the share of PM2.5 is 80 %. This is a simple but also conservative approach, knowing that, in reality, PM emissions depend on fuel, combustion and abatement technologies. In terms of natural gas and biogas | + | PM< |
===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== | ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== | ||
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{{: | {{: | ||
- | SOx emission trend shows the big dominance of lignite due to high Sulphur content of lignite fuels. However | + | SO< |
=== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx === | === Nitrogen Oxides - NOx === | ||
{{: | {{: | ||
- | Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NOx emission reduction measurements in the New German Länder. After 2002 the increasing consumption of natural gas biogas, wood and other biomass in the public sector gain influence and increases | + | Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO< |
=== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP === | === Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP === | ||
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{{: | {{: | ||
- | Similar to SOx emissions, Particulate Matter emissions decreases considerably since 1990 due to stricter regulations in eastern Germany. After 2002 PM10 and PM2.5 emission trends were influenced by the increasing use of biomass for public electricity and heat production. TSP and PM emissions from coal fired plants show a decreasing trend from 2005 onwards due to improvements of abatement systems. | + | Similar to SO< |
=== Priority Heavy metal - Pb & Hg & Cd === | === Priority Heavy metal - Pb & Hg & Cd === | ||
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===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2018) | + | Recalculations were necessary for 2019 due to the implementation |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: |
</ | </ | ||