meta data for this page
  •  

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2022/03/22 11:23] – [Methodology] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:public_electricity_and_heat_production [2022/03/22 11:24] (current) – [Trend discussion for Key Sources] kotzulla
Line 83: Line 83:
 The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. The following diagrams give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants.
  
-=== Fuel Consumption ===+==== Fuel Consumption ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_ar_fossil.png?400|Annual acitity data for fossil fuels}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_ar_fossil.png?400|Annual acitity data for fossil fuels}}
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_ar_waste.png?400|Annual activity data for waste fuels and biomass}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_ar_waste.png?400|Annual activity data for waste fuels and biomass}}
Line 90: Line 90:
 The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the government aid of renewable energies. The first graph shows that the total energy consumption of fossil fuels for public electricity and heat consumption didn't change very much since 1990. The main reasons are the rising electricity demand and a great number of industrial power plants whose emissions are now reported in source category 1.A.1.a. From 1990 to the present time, a slight fuel switch from coal to natural gas was observed. In 2009 fuel consumption of all fossil fuels decreased remarkably as a result of the economic crisis. The economic recovery in 2010 led to an increasing fuel consumption because of the increasing electricity demand. From 2003 biomass consumption rises considerably due to the government aid of renewable energies.
  
-=== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ===+==== Sulfur Oxides - SOx ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_sox.png?400|Annual SOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_sox.png?400|Annual SOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_sox_2000.png?400|Annual SOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a, details 2000-2018}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_sox_2000.png?400|Annual SOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a, details 2000-2018}}
Line 96: Line 96:
 SO<sub>x</sub> emission trend shows the big dominance of lignite due to high Sulphur content of lignite fuels. However SO<sub>x</sub> emissions decrease more than lignite consumption does. Before the German Reunification in 1990, lignite fired public power plants in Eastern Germany didn't use flue gas desulphurisation plants. The implementation of stricter regulations in the New German Länder resulted in considerably decreasing emissions. In recent years the development of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions is mainly influenced by coal consumption. From 2005 onwards biogas which has a considerable sulphur content is gaining in importance. In 2016 emissions from coal fired plants decreased considerably due to a stricter regulation related to the limit values and the reduction efficiency of desulfurization plants. The emission reduction in 2019 and 2020 is a result of the decreasing coal consumption. SO<sub>x</sub> emission trend shows the big dominance of lignite due to high Sulphur content of lignite fuels. However SO<sub>x</sub> emissions decrease more than lignite consumption does. Before the German Reunification in 1990, lignite fired public power plants in Eastern Germany didn't use flue gas desulphurisation plants. The implementation of stricter regulations in the New German Länder resulted in considerably decreasing emissions. In recent years the development of SO<sub>2</sub> emissions is mainly influenced by coal consumption. From 2005 onwards biogas which has a considerable sulphur content is gaining in importance. In 2016 emissions from coal fired plants decreased considerably due to a stricter regulation related to the limit values and the reduction efficiency of desulfurization plants. The emission reduction in 2019 and 2020 is a result of the decreasing coal consumption.
  
-=== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx ===+==== Nitrogen Oxides - NOx ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_nox.png?400|Annual NOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_nox.png?400|Annual NOx emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
  
 Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO<sub>x</sub> emission reduction measurements in the New German Länder. After 2002 the increasing consumption of natural gas biogas, wood and other biomass in the public sector gain influence and increases NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The upward trend was only interrupted by the economic crises in 2009. From 2014 onwards NO<sub>x</sub> emissions decreases mainly caused by the decreasing hard coal consumption.    Nitrogen oxides emissions decreases due to declining lignite consumption in the early 1990s and due to NO<sub>x</sub> emission reduction measurements in the New German Länder. After 2002 the increasing consumption of natural gas biogas, wood and other biomass in the public sector gain influence and increases NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The upward trend was only interrupted by the economic crises in 2009. From 2014 onwards NO<sub>x</sub> emissions decreases mainly caused by the decreasing hard coal consumption.   
  
-=== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ===+==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pm2.5.png?400|Annual PM2.5 emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pm2.5.png?400|Annual PM2.5 emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pm10.png?400|Annual PM10 emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pm10.png?400|Annual PM10 emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
Line 109: Line 109:
 Similar to SO<sub>x</sub> emissions, Particulate Matter emissions decreases considerably since 1990 due to stricter regulations in eastern Germany. After 2002 PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission trends were influenced by the increasing use of biomass for public electricity and heat production. TSP and PM emissions from coal fired plants show a decreasing trend from 2005 onwards due to improvements of abatement systems. The remarkable Emission reduction in 2019 and 2020 is a result of the deacreasing coal consumption.  Similar to SO<sub>x</sub> emissions, Particulate Matter emissions decreases considerably since 1990 due to stricter regulations in eastern Germany. After 2002 PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> emission trends were influenced by the increasing use of biomass for public electricity and heat production. TSP and PM emissions from coal fired plants show a decreasing trend from 2005 onwards due to improvements of abatement systems. The remarkable Emission reduction in 2019 and 2020 is a result of the deacreasing coal consumption. 
  
-=== Priority Heavy metal - Pb & Hg & Cd ===+==== Priority Heavy metal - Pb & Hg & Cd ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pb.png?400|Annual Pb emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pb.png?400|Annual Pb emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_hg.png?400|Annual Hg emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_hg.png?400|Annual Hg emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}
Line 116: Line 116:
 Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend. Emission trends of all priority heavy metals are mostly influenced by the emissions from lignite use. The reasons of the declining emissions are on the one hand the decreasing lignite consumption and on the other hand the implementation of stricter regulations in eastern Germany. Due to the fact, that heavy metal emission factors for waste incineration plants are constant, emission trends solely depend on coal consumption. In reality emission trends of all heavy metals would be more influenced by the emissions from waste fuels, since the emission factors for waste incineration plants in 1990 are expected to be high. In recent years emissions from Biomass combustion gain more and more influence on the trend.
  
-=== Persistent Organic Pollutants ===+==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ====
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pcddf.png?400|Annual PCDD/PCDF emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:energy_industries:1a1a_em_pcddf.png?400|Annual PCDD/PCDF emissions from stationary combustion plants in 1.A.1.a}}