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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion [2021/12/15 19:07] – external edit 127.0.0.1 | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion [2022/01/04 14:35] (current) – [Emission factors] juhrich | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Activity data in source category //1.A.4// are based on the Energy Balance for the Federal Republic of Germany prepared by the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2020)]. For the period prior to 1995, separate Energy Balances are used for the new and old German Länder. Lines 66 (residential) and 67 (commercial, | + | Activity data in source category //1.A.4// are based on the Energy Balance for the Federal Republic of Germany prepared by the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2021)]. For the period prior to 1995, separate Energy Balances are used for the new and old German Länder. Lines 66 (residential) and 67 (commercial, |
- | At present, the final Energy Balances are published with a delay of one year. This means that Energy Balances until 2017 are available. In order to meet the requirements of up-to-date emissions reporting, the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) has prepared a provisional Energy Balance for the year 2018. Every year, in the summer, the Working Group on Energy Balances provides a provisional Energy Balance of the past year. | + | Since large quantities of wood fuels, used in households and in commerce and trade, are purchased privately or obtained from system owners' |
- | + | The results for the residential sector | |
- | Since large quantities of wood fuels, used in households and in commerce and trade, are purchased privately or obtained from system owners' | + | That project collected |
+ | Wood consumption in heat-generation-only systems of the commercial and institutional | ||
+ | statistics and the applicable wood-quantity data given by other relevant models. The wood consumption data derived via this approach, which relate to data on heat generation by CHP systems, are also part of the data on total wood consumption in the commercial and institutional sector. | ||
Energy data and emissions from small engines using biomass as fuel are reported in source category 1.A.1.a, since all the plants feed electricity into the local network. However a small amount of biogas and liquid biofuel, used for heat production, is reported in source category 1.A.4. | Energy data and emissions from small engines using biomass as fuel are reported in source category 1.A.1.a, since all the plants feed electricity into the local network. However a small amount of biogas and liquid biofuel, used for heat production, is reported in source category 1.A.4. | ||
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In addition, emission factors for combustion systems are determined in accordance with device design, age level, output category and typical mode of operation. The emissions behaviour of the combustion systems in question were determined via a comprehensive review of the literature, in an approach that distinguished between results from test-bench studies and field measurements. Transfer factors were used to take account of the fact that emissions in a test-bench environment tend to be considerably lower than those of corresponding installed systems. | In addition, emission factors for combustion systems are determined in accordance with device design, age level, output category and typical mode of operation. The emissions behaviour of the combustion systems in question were determined via a comprehensive review of the literature, in an approach that distinguished between results from test-bench studies and field measurements. Transfer factors were used to take account of the fact that emissions in a test-bench environment tend to be considerably lower than those of corresponding installed systems. | ||
- | The description of the structure for installed combustion systems was prepared using statistics from the chimney-sweeping trade, as well as with the help of surveys conducted by the researchers themselves in selected chimney-sweep districts of Baden-Wuerttemberg, | + | The description of the structure for installed combustion systems was prepared using statistics from the chimney-sweeping trade. These data were used to estimate the energy inputs for various system types, to make it possible to determine sectoral emission factors weighted by energy inputs. |
The SO< | The SO< | ||
Regarding lignite briquettes can be assumed that 10 % of the sulfur were stored in the ash while 90 % were emitted as SO< | Regarding lignite briquettes can be assumed that 10 % of the sulfur were stored in the ash while 90 % were emitted as SO< | ||
- | Black carbon emission factors are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook | + | Black carbon emission factors are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook |
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More detailed information on emission factors for different pollutants are provided within the sub-chapters linked above. | More detailed information on emission factors for different pollutants are provided within the sub-chapters linked above. | ||
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</ | </ | ||
- | [(AGEB2020> AGEB, 2020: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy: | + | [(AGEB2021> AGEB, 2021: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy: |
[(STRUSCHKA2008> | [(STRUSCHKA2008> | ||
[(TEBERT2016> | [(TEBERT2016> |