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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion [2022/01/04 14:22] – [Activity data] juhrichsector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion [2022/01/04 14:35] (current) – [Emission factors] juhrich
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 Activity data in source category //1.A.4// are based on the Energy Balance for the Federal Republic of Germany prepared by the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2021)]. For the period prior to 1995, separate Energy Balances are used for the new and old German Länder. Lines 66 (residential) and 67 (commercial, trade, services and other consumers) of the Energy Balance are of primary importance. Activity data in source category //1.A.4// are based on the Energy Balance for the Federal Republic of Germany prepared by the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2021)]. For the period prior to 1995, separate Energy Balances are used for the new and old German Länder. Lines 66 (residential) and 67 (commercial, trade, services and other consumers) of the Energy Balance are of primary importance.
  
-Since large quantities of wood fuels, used in households and in commerce and trade, are purchased privately or obtained from system owners' own forest parcels, data are outside official statistics. For this reason, in the Energy Balance, the relevant data from the Federal Statistical Office are supplemented with data from a survey of firewood consumption in private households. Data relative to use of firewood in the source categories commercial and institutional are based on a study from the year 2000. The consumption-level figures determined in that study have been adopted for subsequent years since then. +Since large quantities of wood fuels, used in households and in commerce and trade, are purchased privately or obtained from system owners' own forest parcels, data are outside official statistics. For this reason, additional studies are used by the Working Group on Renewable Energy Statistics (AGEE-Stat). 
 +The results for the residential sector are based on surveys of wood consumption carried out in the framework of the "Rohstoffmonitoring Holz" ("Monitoring of raw materials – wood") project.36 
 +That project collected data both on firewood purchased via commercial sellers and wood gathered in forests. For interim years, a regression model is applied that takes account of numbers of degree days, the price indexes for conventional fuels, and the heating systems, broken down by types, used in residential buildings. Conversions of volume units into energy units are carried out in conformance with the accepted conversion conventions of AGEE-Stat. 
 +Wood consumption in heat-generation-only systems of the commercial and institutional sector is derived via a remainder calculation. In the process, the data on total wood consumption (outside of private households), as determined via the "Rohstoffmonitoring Holz" surveys and via regression models, are blended with the relevant wood-quantity data from official energy 
 +statistics and the applicable wood-quantity data given by other relevant models. The wood consumption data derived via this approach, which relate to data on heat generation by CHP systems, are also part of the data on total wood consumption in the commercial and institutional sector.
  
 Energy data and emissions from small engines using biomass as fuel are reported in source category 1.A.1.a, since all the plants feed electricity into the local network. However a small amount of biogas and liquid biofuel, used for heat production, is reported in source category 1.A.4.  Energy data and emissions from small engines using biomass as fuel are reported in source category 1.A.1.a, since all the plants feed electricity into the local network. However a small amount of biogas and liquid biofuel, used for heat production, is reported in source category 1.A.4. 
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 In addition, emission factors for combustion systems are determined in accordance with device design, age level, output category and typical mode of operation. The emissions behaviour of the combustion systems in question were determined via a comprehensive review of the literature, in an approach that distinguished between results from test-bench studies and field measurements. Transfer factors were used to take account of the fact that emissions in a test-bench environment tend to be considerably lower than those of corresponding installed systems. In addition, emission factors for combustion systems are determined in accordance with device design, age level, output category and typical mode of operation. The emissions behaviour of the combustion systems in question were determined via a comprehensive review of the literature, in an approach that distinguished between results from test-bench studies and field measurements. Transfer factors were used to take account of the fact that emissions in a test-bench environment tend to be considerably lower than those of corresponding installed systems.
  
-The description of the structure for installed combustion systems was prepared using statistics from the chimney-sweeping trade, as well as with the help of surveys conducted by the researchers themselves in selected chimney-sweep districts of Baden-Wuerttemberg, North-Rhine Westphalia and Saxony. These data were used to estimate the energy inputs for various system types, to make it possible to determine sectoral emission factors weighted by energy inputs.+The description of the structure for installed combustion systems was prepared using statistics from the chimney-sweeping trade. These data were used to estimate the energy inputs for various system types, to make it possible to determine sectoral emission factors weighted by energy inputs.
    
 The SO<sub>2</sub> emission factors for natural gas and lignite briquettes is calculated by the sulfur content of the fuel which is determined by measurents. In terms of light fuel oil the limit values were used. Since 2008 there are two qualities of light fuel oil available: fuel oil with a sulfur content of 1000 mg/kg and fuel oil with a sulfur content of 50 mg/kg. In small combustion plants nowadays almost exclusively low-sulfur fuel oil is used. the share of the different light fuel oil qualities is annually available from the oil statistic.   The SO<sub>2</sub> emission factors for natural gas and lignite briquettes is calculated by the sulfur content of the fuel which is determined by measurents. In terms of light fuel oil the limit values were used. Since 2008 there are two qualities of light fuel oil available: fuel oil with a sulfur content of 1000 mg/kg and fuel oil with a sulfur content of 50 mg/kg. In small combustion plants nowadays almost exclusively low-sulfur fuel oil is used. the share of the different light fuel oil qualities is annually available from the oil statistic.  
 Regarding lignite briquettes can be assumed that 10 % of the sulfur were stored in the ash while 90 % were emitted as SO<sub>2</sub>. Since the sulfur content of lignite briquettes depends on the region, a weighted average emission factor has been calculated. Regarding lignite briquettes can be assumed that 10 % of the sulfur were stored in the ash while 90 % were emitted as SO<sub>2</sub>. Since the sulfur content of lignite briquettes depends on the region, a weighted average emission factor has been calculated.
  
-Black carbon emission factors are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2016. +Black carbon emission factors are given by the EMEP EEA Guidebook 2019. 
      
 More detailed information on emission factors for different pollutants are provided within the sub-chapters linked above.  More detailed information on emission factors for different pollutants are provided within the sub-chapters linked above. 
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 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
-[(AGEB2020> AGEB, 2020: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy:  *http://www.ag-energiebilanzen.de/7-1-Energy-Balance-2000-to-2015.html )]+[(AGEB2021> AGEB, 2021: National energy balance and Satellite balance for renewable energy:  *https://ag-energiebilanzen.de/en/data-and-facts/energy-balance-2000-to-2019/ )]
 [(STRUSCHKA2008> Struschka, 2008: Struschka, Dr. M., Kilgus, D., Springmann, M.; Baumbach, Prof. Dr. Günter: Effiziente Bereitstellung aktueller Emissonsdaten für die Luftreinhaltung; UBA Forschungsbericht 205 42 322; Dessau, 2008. URL: *https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/effiziente-bereitstellung-aktueller-emissionsdaten )] [(STRUSCHKA2008> Struschka, 2008: Struschka, Dr. M., Kilgus, D., Springmann, M.; Baumbach, Prof. Dr. Günter: Effiziente Bereitstellung aktueller Emissonsdaten für die Luftreinhaltung; UBA Forschungsbericht 205 42 322; Dessau, 2008. URL: *https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/effiziente-bereitstellung-aktueller-emissionsdaten )]
 [(TEBERT2016> Tebert, 2016: Christian Tebert, Susanne Volz, Kevin Töfge, Christian Friedrich: Ermittlung und Aktualisierung von Emissionsfaktoren für das nationale Emissionsinventar bezüglich kleiner und mittlerer Feuerungsanlagen der Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher (unpublished) )] [(TEBERT2016> Tebert, 2016: Christian Tebert, Susanne Volz, Kevin Töfge, Christian Friedrich: Ermittlung und Aktualisierung von Emissionsfaktoren für das nationale Emissionsinventar bezüglich kleiner und mittlerer Feuerungsanlagen der Haushalte und Kleinverbraucher (unpublished) )]