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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2022/03/22 08:59] – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:start [2022/03/22 12:06] – [Emission factors] kotzulla
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 | **Hard coal coke**  |             4.00 |    0.50 |              120 |              500 |               15.0 |              15.0 |  15.0 |  0.96 |  1,000 | | **Hard coal coke**  |             4.00 |    0.50 |              120 |              500 |               15.0 |              15.0 |  15.0 |  0.96 |  1,000 |
  
-__Table 4: Country-specific emission factors for abrasive emissions, in g/km__+__Table 5: Country-specific emission factors for abrasive emissions, in g/km__
 ^                                 ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP     ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  As  ^  Cr      ^  Cu      ^  Ni      ^  Se  ^  Zn  ^ ^                                 ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP     ^  BC  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  As  ^  Cr      ^  Cu      ^  Ni      ^  Se  ^  Zn  ^
 ^ Contact line <sup>1</sup>       |            0.00016 |           0.00032 |  0.00032 |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA      |  0.00033 |  NA      |  NA  |  NA  | ^ Contact line <sup>1</sup>       |            0.00016 |           0.00032 |  0.00032 |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA  |  NA      |  0.00033 |  NA      |  NA  |  NA  |
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 For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels. For the years as of 2005, sulphur emissions from diesel combustion have decreased so strongly, that the over-all trend shows a slight increase again due to the now dominating contribution of sulphur from the use of solid fuels.
  
-{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_so2.png?700 }}+{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_so2.png?700|Annual sulphur oxides emissions }}
  
 Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors.  Regarding **heavy metals**, emissions from combustion of diesel oil and from abrasion and wear are estimated from tier1 default emission factors. 
 Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above). Therefore, the emission trends reflect the development of diesel use and - for copper, chromium and nickel emissions resulting from the abrasion & wear of contact line and braking systems - the annual transport performance (see description of activity data above).
  
-{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_cd.png?700|Annual cadmium emissions }} 
 {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_cu.png?700|Annual copper emissions }} {{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:railways:1a3c_em_cu.png?700|Annual copper emissions }}