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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion [2021/01/17 11:34] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:road_abrasion [2022/03/22 09:33] – [Discussion of emission trends] kotzulla | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
+ | |||
In sub-category //1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion// emissions from road abrasion in Road Transport are reported. Therefore, this sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles. | In sub-category //1.A.3.b vii - Road Transport: Automobile Road Abrasion// emissions from road abrasion in Road Transport are reported. Therefore, this sub-category is an important source for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles. | ||
- | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method | |
- | ^ | + | | 1.A.3.b.vii |
- | | T1, T3 | NS, M | CS | | + | ^ ^ NO< |
+ | | Key Category: | ||
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
- | === Activity data === | + | ==== Activity data ==== |
- | === Activity | + | Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage |
- | Abrasive emissions from tyre and brake wear are estimated based on vehicle-type specific mileage data. | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
- | For detailed mileage data, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:abrasive_emissions_from_road_vehicles:start | superordinate chapter | + | __Table 1: Emission factors applied__ |
+ | | | ||
+ | ^ BC | | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ TSP | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Pb | [µg/km] | | ||
+ | ^ Hg | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Cd | ::: | ||
+ | ^ As | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Cr | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Cu | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Ni | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Se | ::: | ||
+ | ^ Zn | ::: | ||
- | === Emission factors === | ||
- | The tier1 emission factors used here have been derived from the 2019 version | + | ===== Discussion |
- | [!-- | + | __Table 2: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ |
+ | | for: ^ TSP ^ PM< | ||
+ | | by: | Level | Level | Level | | ||
- | ++ Activity Data | ||
- | |||
- | For detailed mileage data, please see [[[ 1-a-3-b-vi-vii-emissions-from-wear-and-abrasion | superordinate chapter ]]]. | ||
- | |||
- | [[gallery size=" | ||
- | : AD_Mileage.png | ||
- | : AD_Mileage_el.png | ||
- | [[/ | ||
- | |||
- | +++ Emission factors | ||
- | |||
- | The tier1 emission factors used here have been derived within a literature study in 2006. During this study, average amounts of particulate wear per km ( = EF,,PM,,) were derived from which annual amounts of PM emissions can be estimated | ||
- | |||
- | [[math]] | ||
- | \begin{gather} | ||
- | EM(PM)_\text{ annual, type of vehicle} | ||
- | \end{gather} | ||
- | [[/math]] | ||
- | |||
- | __Table 1: Average abrasion rates [mg TSP / vehicle km] for different types of road vehicles__ | ||
- | ||= **Vehicle type** ||= **Ø Abrasion rate** ||= | ||
- | || Passenger Cars ||> | ||
- | || Motorcycles ||> | ||
- | || Mopeds ||> | ||
- | || Light Duty Vehicles ||> | ||
- | || Heavy Duty Vehicles ||> | ||
- | || thereof: Trucks ||> | ||
- | || thereof: Buses ||> | ||
- | |||
- | Based on average contents of heavy metals per gram of emitted particulate road surface matter (also derived during the literature study), emission factors for HM are estimated as follows: | ||
- | |||
- | [[math]] | ||
- | \begin{gather} | ||
- | EF(HM)_\text{ per km, type of vehicle} | ||
- | \end{gather} | ||
- | [[/math]] | ||
- | |||
- | __Table 2: Average heavy metal contents [mg HM / kg TSP] in abrasive particulate matter from road surface__ | ||
- | ||= **HM** ||= **Ø Metal content** ||= | ||
- | ||= Cd ||> | ||
- | ||= Pb ||> | ||
- | ||= Hg ||> | ||
- | ||= As ||> | ||
- | ||= Cr ||> | ||
- | ||= Cu ||> | ||
- | ||= Ni ||> | ||
- | ||= Se ||> | ||
- | ||= Zn ||> | ||
- | |||
- | From these PM-based emission factors, emission estimates for HM are estimated as follows: | ||
- | |||
- | [[math]] | ||
- | \begin{gather} | ||
- | EM(HM)_\text{ annual, type of vehicle} | ||
- | \end{gather} | ||
- | [[/math]] | ||
- | |||
- | --] | ||
- | |||
- | __Table 1: Default tier1 emission factors applied__ | ||
- | ||~ Vehicle Type ||= **PCs** ||= **LDVs** ||= **HDVs** ||= **Buses** ||= **MTWs**^^1^^ ||= | ||
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||||||||||||||||||||||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | ||< | ||
- | |||
- | + __Discussion of emission trends__ | ||
- | |||
- | > **NFR 1.A.3.b vii - Emissions from road abrasion** is key category for emissions of **PM,, | ||
- | |||
- | ++ Particulate Matter - PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,, & TSP | ||
- | //(from wear/ | ||
Emissions from road abrasion are directly linked to driven mileage. Thus, the overall trend of emissions from road abrasion is similar to the trend for total driven mileage. | Emissions from road abrasion are directly linked to driven mileage. Thus, the overall trend of emissions from road abrasion is similar to the trend for total driven mileage. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | All reported emissons |
- | : 1A3bvii_EM_PM2.5.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | + | ||
- | [!-- | + | |
- | ++ Selected heavy metals - Chromium, Nickel and Zinc | + | |
- | + | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | |
- | : 1A3bvii_EM_Cr.PNG | + | |
- | : 1A3bvii_EM_Ni.png | + | |
- | : 1A3bvii_EM_Zn.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | In the same way, the changes within the emissions | + | |
- | + | ||
- | --] | + | |
- | + __Recalculations__ | + | {{ : |
- | **Activity data** (mileage) have been revised due to the regular revision of the TREMOD model. (see [[[1-a-3-b-vi-vii-emissions-from-wear-and-abrasion | superordinate chapter]]]). | + | ===== Recalculations ===== |
- | However, the biggest changes occur in the tier1 **emission factors** | + | With both **activity data** and **emission factors** |
- | Unfortunately, the variety of old and revised | + | |
- | > For more information on **recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2017**, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[[recalculations | 8.1 - Recalculations]]]. | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | For more **information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations: | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | + __Planned improvements__ | + | ===== Planned improvements ===== |
- | Besides | + | Besides |
- | ------ | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | ||
- | : 1 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https:// | ||
- | [[/ |