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1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion
This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii. These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.
| NFR-Code | Name of Category |
|---|---|
| 1.A.3.b vi | Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear |
| 1.A.3.b vii | Automobile Road Abrasion |
Methodology
Activity data
Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD 1). The following table provides an overview of annual mileages.
Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2019, in 10^^6^^ kilometers
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | |
| MILEAGE: COMBUSTION ENGINES | |||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Cars | 488,574 | 530,900 | 560,300 | 574,776 | 580,455 | 584,060 | 581,068 | 591,437 | 595,363 | 605,066 | 606,320 | 611,348 | 621,905 | 629,261 | 636,322 | 641,629 | 641,266 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Light Duty Vehicles | 17,964 | 27,917 | 36,585 | 41,203 | 37,802 | 38,927 | 39,282 | 39,748 | 40,218 | 40,694 | 41,165 | 41,650 | 42,033 | 45,609 | 47,709 | 49,838 | 52,157 |
| Heavy Duty Vehicles | 40,827 | 54,310 | 62,624 | 60,953 | 63,401 | 65,505 | 65,166 | 60,752 | 62,836 | 64,303 | 63,610 | 64,240 | 64,714 | 65,613 | 66,596 | 67,476 | 68,457 |
| thereof: Lorries & Trucks | 36,657 | 50,362 | 58,621 | 56,877 | 59,374 | 61,483 | 61,244 | 56,751 | 58,799 | 60,312 | 59,635 | 60,191 | 60,539 | 61,394 | 62,339 | 63,296 | 64,263 |
| thereof: Buses | 4,170 | 3,948 | 4,003 | 4,076 | 4,028 | 4,022 | 3,922 | 4,002 | 4,037 | 3,991 | 3,975 | 4,048 | 4,175 | 4,219 | 4,258 | 4,180 | 4,195 |
| Two-wheelers | 15,734 | 11,851 | 14,816 | 15,399 | 15,294 | 15,622 | 15,458 | 15,664 | 15,192 | 14,793 | 14,402 | 14,157 | 14,184 | 14,487 | 14,492 | 14,489 | 14,624 |
| Ʃ from fuel combustion | 563,099 | 624,978 | 674,326 | 692,331 | 696,952 | 704,114 | 700,974 | 707,602 | 713,608 | 724,856 | 725,498 | 731,394 | 742,836 | 754,969 | 765,119 | 773,432 | 776,504 |
| MILEAGE: ELECTRIC ENGINES | |||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Cars | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 92 | 162 | 255 | 379 | 625 | 996 |
| Light Duty Vehicles | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 19 | 23 | 30 | 43 | 74 | 119 |
| Heavy Duty Vehicles | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 26 | 32 |
| thereof: Lorries & Trucks | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 16 | 21 |
| thereof: Buses | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Two-wheelers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 26 | 32 | 38 | 44 | 50 | 55 |
| Ʃ from electric energy | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 104 | 156 | 238 | 345 | 489 | 775 | 1,203 |
| TOTAL MILEAGE: COMBUSTION + ELECTRIC ENGINES | |||||||||||||||||
| Passenger Cars | 488,574 | 530,900 | 560,300 | 574,776 | 580,455 | 584,060 | 581,068 | 591,437 | 595,363 | 605,066 | 606,373 | 611,439 | 622,067 | 629,516 | 636,701 | 642,254 | 642,262 |
| Light Duty Vehicles | 17,964 | 27,917 | 36,585 | 41,203 | 37,802 | 38,927 | 39,282 | 39,748 | 40,218 | 40,694 | 41,178 | 41,669 | 42,056 | 45,639 | 47,752 | 49,912 | 52,276 |
| Heavy Duty Vehicles | 40,827 | 54,310 | 62,624 | 60,953 | 63,401 | 65,505 | 65,166 | 60,752 | 62,836 | 64,303 | 63,629 | 64,259 | 64,735 | 65,635 | 66,620 | 67,502 | 68,490 |
| thereof: Lorries & Trucks | 36,657 | 50,362 | 58,621 | 56,877 | 59,374 | 61,483 | 61,244 | 56,751 | 58,799 | 60,312 | 59,648 | 60,204 | 60,553 | 61,408 | 62,353 | 63,311 | 64,284 |
| thereof: Buses | 4,170 | 3,948 | 4,003 | 4,076 | 4,028 | 4,022 | 3,922 | 4,002 | 4,037 | 3,991 | 3,981 | 4,055 | 4,182 | 4,227 | 4,267 | 4,190 | 4,206 |
| Two-wheelers | 15,734 | 11,851 | 14,816 | 15,399 | 15,294 | 15,622 | 15,458 | 15,664 | 15,192 | 14,793 | 14,422 | 14,183 | 14,216 | 14,525 | 14,536 | 14,539 | 14,679 |
| Ʃ over-all | 563,099 | 624,978 | 674,326 | 692,331 | 696,952 | 704,114 | 700,974 | 707,602 | 713,608 | 724,856 | 725,602 | 731,550 | 743,074 | 755,314 | 765,608 | 774,207 | 777,707 |
source: TREMOD 6.02 2)
++ Images: Overview annual mileage for considered vehicle types gallery size="medium" : AD_Mileage.png : AD_Mileage_el.png gallery
+ Discussion of emission trends
Please see sub-category chapters 1.A.3.b vi - Tyre and Brake Wear ] and 1.A.3.b vii - Road Abrasion ].
+ Recalculations
Recalculations were carried out due to a fundamental revision of the TREMOD software.
Table 2: Revised mileage data , in 10^^6^^ kilometers
| = 1990 | = 1995 | = 2000 | = 2005 | = 2006 | = 2007 | = 2008 | = 2009 | = 2010 | = 2011 | = 2012 | = 2013 | = 2014 | = 2015 | = 2016 | = 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| = Passenger Cars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 488,574 | > 530,900 | > 560,300 | > 574,776 | > 580,455 | > 584,060 | > 581,068 | > 591,437 | > 595,363 | > 605,066 | > 606,373 | > 611,439 | > 622,067 | > 629,516 | > 636,701 | > 642,254 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 492,280 | > 535,524 | > 565,345 | > 580,075 | > 581,651 | > 585,242 | > 582,199 | > 592,595 | > 596,536 | > 606,237 | > 607,522 | > 612,576 | > 624,573 | > 637,014 | > 650,866 | > 659,589 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -3,706 | > -4,624 | > -5,045 | > -5,300 | > -1,197 | > -1,181 | > -1,131 | > -1,158 | > -1,173 | > -1,170 | > -1,148 | > -1,137 | > -2,506 | > -7,498 | > -14,166 | > -17,335 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -0,75% | > -0,86% | > -0,89% | > -0,91% | > -0,21% | > -0,20% | > -0,19% | > -0,20% | > -0,20% | > -0,19% | > -0,19% | > -0,19% | > -0,40% | > -1,18% | > -2,18% | > -2,63% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| = Light Duty Vehicles | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 17,964 | > 27,917 | > 36,585 | > 41,203 | > 37,802 | > 38,927 | > 39,282 | > 39,748 | > 40,218 | > 40,694 | > 41,178 | > 41,669 | > 42,056 | > 45,639 | > 47,752 | > 49,912 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 14,259 | > 21,794 | > 30,941 | > 36,251 | > 36,855 | > 37,847 | > 37,461 | > 37,429 | > 37,583 | > 38,204 | > 38,732 | > 38,966 | > 39,343 | > 40,962 | > 40,938 | > 41,596 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > 3,706 | > 6,124 | > 5,645 | > 4,953 | > 947 | > 1,080 | > 1,821 | > 2,319 | > 2,635 | > 2,490 | > 2,446 | > 2,703 | > 2,713 | > 4,677 | > 6,814 | > 8,317 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > 26,0% | > 28,1% | > 18,2% | > 13,7% | > 2,57% | > 2,85% | > 4,86% | > 6,20% | > 7,01% | > 6,52% | > 6,31% | > 6,94% | > 6,89% | > 11,4% | > 16,6% | > 20,0% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| = HDVs: Trucks | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 36,657 | > 50,362 | > 58,621 | > 56,877 | > 59,374 | > 61,483 | > 61,244 | > 56,751 | > 58,799 | > 60,312 | > 59,648 | > 60,204 | > 60,553 | > 61,408 | > 62,353 | > 63,311 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 36,657 | > 48,951 | > 55,441 | > 54,213 | > 56,159 | > 57,873 | > 57,819 | > 53,974 | > 56,418 | > 58,171 | > 56,785 | > 57,167 | > 58,482 | > 59,398 | > 60,858 | > 61,489 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > 0 | > 1,412 | > 3,180 | > 2,664 | > 3,214 | > 3,610 | > 3,425 | > 2,776 | > 2,380 | > 2,141 | > 2,863 | > 3,038 | > 2,071 | > 2,010 | > 1,495 | > 1,822 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > 0,00% | > 2,88% | > 5,73% | > 4,91% | > 5,72% | > 6,24% | > 5,92% | > 5,14% | > 4,22% | > 3,68% | > 5,04% | > 5,31% | > 3,54% | > 3,38% | > 2,46% | > 2,96% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| = HDVs: Buses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 4,170 | > 3,948 | > 4,003 | > 4,076 | > 4,028 | > 4,022 | > 3,922 | > 4,002 | > 4,037 | > 3,991 | > 3,981 | > 4,055 | > 4,182 | > 4,227 | > 4,267 | > 4,190 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 4,170 | > 4,216 | > 4,138 | > 3,936 | > 3,938 | > 3,826 | > 3,736 | > 3,751 | > 3,751 | > 3,729 | > 3,751 | > 3,729 | > 3,718 | > 3,709 | > 3,735 | > 3,741 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > 0 | > -268 | > -134 | > 140 | > 90 | > 196 | > 186 | > 250 | > 286 | > 262 | > 230 | > 326 | > 463 | > 517 | > 531 | > 449 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > 0,00% | > -6,36% | > -3,25% | > 3,56% | > 2,27% | > 5,13% | > 4,98% | > 6,66% | > 7,61% | > 7,03% | > 6,12% | > 8,74% | > 12,5% | > 13,9% | > 14,2% | > 12,0% | |||||||||||||||||||||
| = Motorcycles & Mopeds | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 15,734 | > 11,851 | > 14,816 | > 15,399 | > 15,294 | > 15,622 | > 15,458 | > 15,664 | > 15,192 | > 14,793 | > 14,422 | > 14,183 | > 14,216 | > 14,525 | > 14,536 | > 14,539 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 15,734 | > 12,615 | > 15,100 | > 16,800 | > 17,288 | > 14,904 | > 15,322 | > 15,753 | > 15,786 | > 16,208 | > 16,421 | > 16,539 | > 16,801 | > 16,801 | > 16,539 | > 16,539 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > 0 | > -764 | > -284 | > -1,401 | > -1,994 | > 718 | > 136 | > -89 | > -594 | > -1,415 | > -2,000 | > -2,355 | > -2,585 | > -2,277 | > -2,003 | > -1,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > 0,00% | > -6,06% | > -1,88% | > -8,34% | > -11,53% | > 4,81% | > 0,88% | > -0,56% | > -3,76% | > -8,73% | > -12,2% | > -14,2% | > -15,4% | > -13,6% | > -12,1% | > -12,1% | |||||||||||||||||||||
FAQs
bibliography : 1 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2030, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2019. : 2 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019 bibliography