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1.A.3.b vi-vii - Road Transport: Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and Road Abrasion

This overview chapter provides information on emissions from automobile tyre and brake wear & road abrasion are reported reported in NFR sub-categories 1.A.3.b vi and 1.A.3.b vii. These sub-categories are important sources for a) particle emissions and b) emissions of heavy metals, POPs etc. included in these particles.

NFR-Code Name of Category
1.A.3.b vi Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear
1.A.3.b vii Automobile Road Abrasion

Methodology

Activity data

Specific mileage data for all different types of road vehicles are generated within TREMOD (Knörr et al., 2021a) 1). The following table provides an overview of annual mileages.

Table 1: Mileage data for road vehicles 1990-2019, in 106 kilometers

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Passenger Cars 588,898 487,373 464,231 514,293 568,833 582,833 588,342 597,222 611,403 621,230 630,488 637,690 639,989 649,851 564,736
Light Duty Vehicles 13,965 24,193 32,374 36,422 39,382 39,788 40,259 40,710 43,190 45,436 47,627 49,953 52,264 54,084 52,151
Heavy Duty Vehicles 40,827 54,279 62,659 60,974 62,979 64,519 63,810 64,318 64,822 65,823 66,697 67,346 68,059 68,968 66,635
thereof: Lorries & Trucks 36,657 50,362 58,621 56,877 58,799 60,324 59,572 60,064 60,553 61,408 62,138 62,833 63,539 64,396 63,045
thereof: Buses 4,170 3,916 4,038 4,098 4,180 4,195 4,238 4,254 4,269 4,415 4,560 4,512 4,520 4,572 3,590
Two-wheelers 51,554 132,273 141,013 88,061 46,636 41,741 36,830 32,719 29,615 27,589 25,507 23,954 22,888 22,186 21,101
thereof: Mopeds 5,917 3,830 5,042 6,298 6,333 6,120 5,919 5,856 5,713 5,821 5,718 5,578 5,621 5,643 5,602
thereof: Motorcycles 45,637 128,443 135,970 81,763 40,303 35,621 30,911 26,862 23,902 21,768 19,789 18,376 17,267 16,543 15,499
TOTAL MILEAGE 695,243 698,118 700,277 699,750 717,829 728,881 729,242 734,968 749,029 760,077 770,319 778,942 783,200 795,089 704,622
Please see sub-category chapters 1.A.3.b vi - Automobile Tyre and Brake Wear and 1.A.3.b vii - Automobile Road Abrasion .

Recalculations

Recalculations were carried out due to a fundamental revision of the TREMOD software.

For changes in the emission factors applied, please refer to the sub-ordinate chapters on tyre and brake wear and road abrasion.

Table 2: Revised mileage data , in 106 kilometers

1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Passenger Cars
Submission 2021 492.280 535.524 565.345 580.076 596.532 606.233 607.519 612.573 623.683 630.995 638.156 643.711 643.198
Submission 2020 488.574 530.900 560.300 574.776 595.363 605.066 606.373 611.439 622.067 629.516 636.701 642.254 642.262
absolute change 3.706 4.624 5.045 5.300 1.169 1.167 1.145 1.134 1.616 1.479 1.455 1.457 937
relative change 0,76% 0,87% 0,90% 0,92% 0,20% 0,19% 0,19% 0,19% 0,26% 0,23% 0,23% 0,23% 0,15%
Light Duty Vehicles
Submission 2021 14.259 23.294 31.541 35.938 39.226 39.703 40.185 40.673 43.112 45.330 47.457 49.698 51.918
Submission 2020 17.964 27.917 36.585 41.203 40.218 40.694 41.178 41.669 42.056 45.639 47.752 49.912 52.276
absolute change -3.706 -4.624 -5.045 -5.265 -992 -991 -993 -995 1.056 -309 -295 -214 -358
relative change -20,6% -16,6% -13,8% -12,8% -2,47% -2,44% -2,41% -2,39% 2,51% -0,68% -0,62% -0,43% -0,69%
HDVs: Trucks
Submission 2021 36.657 50.362 58.621 56.877 58.799 60.324 59.572 60.064 60.553 61.408 62.138 62.833 63.539
Submission 2020 36.657 50.362 58.621 56.877 58.799 60.312 59.648 60.204 60.553 61.408 62.353 63.311 64.284
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 12,0 -76,2 -140 0,00 0,00 -215 -478 -744
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,02% -0,13% -0,23% 0,00% 0,00% -0,35% -0,76% -1,16%
HDVs: Buses
Submission 2021 4.170 3.916 4.038 4.098 4.180 4.195 4.238 4.254 4.269 4.415 4.560 4.512 4.520
Submission 2020 4.170 3.948 4.003 4.076 4.037 3.991 3.981 4.055 4.182 4.227 4.267 4.190 4.206
absolute change 0,00 -31,7 34,4 21,6 143 204 257 199 87,7 188 293 322 314
relative change 0,00% -0,80% 0,86% 0,53% 3,55% 5,11% 6,46% 4,91% 2,10% 4,46% 6,87% 7,69% 7,46%
Mopeds
Submission 2021 5.917 3.830 4.047 4.191 4.990 4.855 4.742 4.755 4.684 4.870 4.831 4.749 4.849
Submission 2020 5.917 3.377 3.703 3.970 4.884 4.782 4.700 4.743 4.700 4.887 4.848 4.766 4.766
absolute change 0,00 452 344 222 106 73,1 41,9 12,6 -16,4 -17,0 -16,9 -16,6 83,1
relative change 0,00% 13,4% 9,30% 5,58% 2,18% 1,53% 0,89% 0,27% -0,35% -0,35% -0,35% -0,35% 1,74%
Motorcycles
Submission 2021 9.817 8.473 11.113 11.429 10.308 10.011 9.721 9.441 9.516 9.638 9.687 9.773 9.776
Submission 2020 9.817 8.473 11.113 11.429 10.308 10.011 9.721 9.441 9.516 9.638 9.687 9.773 9.913
absolute change 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 -137
relative change 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% 0,00% -1,38%
REVISED TOTAL MILEAGE
Submission 2021 522.272 571.120 612.046 631.634 651.056 660.801 662.167 667.443 680.994 690.832 700.132 707.932 709.742
Submission 2020 522.272 570.668 611.702 631.378 650.773 660.553 661.973 667.291 678.339 689.680 698.989 706.705 709.217
absolute change 0,00 452 344 256 283 249 194 151 2.655 1.153 1.143 1.226 525
relative change 0,00% 0,08% 0,06% 0,04% 0,04% 0,04% 0,03% 0,02% 0,39% 0,17% 0,16% 0,17% 0,07%

Planned improvements

Besides the routine revision of the TREMOD model, no specific improvements are planned.

2). 3)

1), 2) Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021.
3) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook – 2019