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| sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2021/03/17 11:35] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2022/03/22 12:03] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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| In sub-category //1.A.3.b ii - Road Transport: Light Duty Vehicles// emissions from fuel combustion in Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) are reported. | In sub-category //1.A.3.b ii - Road Transport: Light Duty Vehicles// emissions from fuel combustion in Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) are reported. | ||
| - | ^ Category Code ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
| - | | 1.A.3.b ii | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | + | | 1.A.3.b ii |
| - | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
| - | | 1.A.3.b ii | + | | 1.A.3.b ii |
| {{page> | {{page> | ||
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
| ==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
| - | Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [((bibcite 1))]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany. | + | Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany. |
| __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__ | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__ | ||
| - | | | + | | ^ |
| - | ^ Diesel oil | 253,892 | 305,128 | 324,929 | 440,663 | 492,791 | 518,198 | 518,957 | 556,096 | 589,674 | 593,962 | 621,938 | 641,476 | 610,293 | | + | ^ Diesel oil |
| - | ^ Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
| - | ^ LPG | 138 | 138 | 94 | 2,357 | 21,823 | 23,613 | 23,532 | 23,077 | 21,464 | 18,963 | | + | ^ CNG |
| - | ^ CNG | | + | ^ Biodiesel |
| - | ^ Biodiesel | + | ^ Biogasoline |
| - | ^ Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogas |
| - | ^ Biogas | + | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b |
| - | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b | + | |
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| - | {{ : | ||
| - | {{ : | ||
| - | {{ : | ||
| - | {{ : | ||
| <WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
| Line 40: | Line 35: | ||
| ==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
| - | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
| However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way . | However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way . | ||
| - | |||
| - | [!-- | ||
| - | __Table 2: selected annual fuel-specific IEF for passenger cars, in kg/TJ__ | ||
| - | |||
| - | | | **1990** | ||
| - | | **Gasoline fuels**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC< | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | ^ TSP< | ||
| - | | **Diesel fuels**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | 45.5 | 36.8 | 29.1 | 18.6 | 16.5 | 15.0 | 13.5 | 12.5 | 11.7 | 11.0 | 10.4 | 9.93 | 9.64 | 9.62 | 9.85 | 10.1 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | | **Liquefied Petroleum Gas - LPG** |||||||||||||||| | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | 329 | 283 | 49.6 | 9.73 | 8.63 | 8.22 | 7.50 | 7.24 | 7.17 | 7.10 | 6.97 | 6.88 | 6.82 | 6.78 | 6.77 | 6.75 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | | **Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) & Biogas**< | ||
| - | ^ NH< | ||
| - | ^ NMVOC | | | | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.52 | | ||
| - | ^ NO< | ||
| - | ^ SO< | ||
| - | ^ CO | ||
| - | ^ BC< | ||
| - | ^ PM< | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | < | ||
| - | --] | ||
| <WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
| - | With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, | + | With respect to the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, |
| - | </ | + | |
| - | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, | + | For heavy-metal (other then lead from leaded gasoline) and PAH exhaust-emissions, |
| - | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [((bibcite 4))] is used instead. | + | Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] is used instead. |
| - | __Table | + | __Table |
| | | | | ||
| | | | | ||
| Line 106: | Line 54: | ||
| ^ LPG< | ^ LPG< | ||
| ^ all fuels | ^ all fuels | ||
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | < | + | < |
| - | ===== Discussion of emission trends | + | =====Discussion of emission trends==== |
| - | > **NFR 1.A.3.b ii** is key category | + | __Table |
| + | | | ||
| + | | by: | Level | ||
| - | ==== Nitrogen oxides | + | ==== Nitrogen oxides==== |
| - | NO,,x,, emissions increased steadily until 2002 following the shift to diesel engines. During the last ten years, emissions decline steadily due to catalytic-converter use and engine improvements resulting from ongoing tightening of emissions laws and improved fuel quality. | + | NO<sub>x</ |
| {{ : | {{ : | ||
| - | ==== Particulate matter (BC, PM,,2.5,,, PM,, | + | ==== Ammonia |
| - | Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called " | + | As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** |
| - | {{ : | + | Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. |
| - | __Table: EURO norms and their effect on limit values of PM emissions from diesel passenger cars__ | + | {{ :sector:energy: |
| - | ^ exhaust emission standard (EURO norm) | **Euro 1** | **Euro 2** | + | |
| - | | in force **for type approval** since: | + | |
| - | | in force **for initial registration** since | 1 Jan 1993 | 1 Jan 1997 | + | |
| - | ^ resulting PM limit value in [mg/ | + | |
| - | < | + | |
| + | For **ammonia** emissions the increasing use of catalytic converters in gasoline driven cars in the 1990s lead to a steep increase whereas both the technical development of the converters and the ongoing shift from gasoline to diesel cars resulted in decreasing emissions in the following years. | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| + | |||
| + | ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called " | ||
| + | |||
| + | With the still ongoing " | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{ : | ||
| ===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
| Line 142: | Line 98: | ||
| __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | ||
| - | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2006** | **2007** | **2008** | **2009** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | | + | | |
| - | | **DIESEL OIL** | + | | **DIESEL OIL** ||||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | 23, | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | 22, | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIODIESEL** | + | | **BIODIESEL** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **GASOLINE** | + | | **GASOLINE** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | 23, | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | 22, | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIOGASOLINE** | + | | **BIOGASOLINE** |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **CNG** | + | | **CNG** ||||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | 23, | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | 22, | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **BIOGAS** |||||||||||||||||| | + | | **BIOGAS** ||||||||||||||||||| |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | | + | ^ current submission |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | | + | ^ previous submission |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
| - | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
| - | | **LPG** |||||||||||||||||| | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | | + | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | |
| - | ^ relative change | + | |
| - | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2021 | 23,131 | 19,972 | 24,124 | 23,188 | 22,125 | 21,971 | 21,302 | 20,779 | | + | |
| - | ^ Submission 2020 | 22, | + | |
| - | ^ absolute change | + | |
| - | ^ relative change | + | |
| Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | ||
| - | <WRAP center round info 60%> | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
| - | For more information on recalculated emission estimates | + | For **pollutant-specific |
| </ | </ | ||
| - | |||
| ===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
| Line 196: | Line 140: | ||
| - | ===== FAQs ===== | + | [(KNOERR2021a> |
| - | ------ | + | [(KELLER2017> |
| - | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> | |
| - | [[bibliography]] | + | [(RENTZ2008> |
| - | : 1 : Knörr et al. (2019a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | |
| - | : 2 : Keller et al., (2007): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http:// | + | |
| - | : 3 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https:// | + | |
| - | : 4 : Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, | + | |
| - | [[/ | + | |