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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2022/01/28 07:57] – [Table] kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:light_duty_vehicles [2022/03/22 12:03] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla
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 In sub-category //1.A.3.b ii - Road Transport: Light Duty Vehicles// emissions from fuel combustion in Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) are reported.  In sub-category //1.A.3.b ii - Road Transport: Light Duty Vehicles// emissions from fuel combustion in Light Duty Vehicles (LDVs) are reported. 
  
-^ Category Code  ^  Method                                ||||^  AD                                ||||^  EF                                  ||||| +^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                           ||||^  EF                                     ||||| 
-| 1.A.3.b ii        |  T1, T3                                    |||||  NS, M                                |||||  CS, M, D                                  ||||| +| 1.A.3.b ii     |  T1, T3                                                                           |||||  NS, M                                        |||||  CS, M, D                               ||||| 
-^  Key Category  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>     ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  CO   ^  BC   ^  Pb   ^  Hg   ^  Cd   ^  PCDD/F  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^  TSP  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ +^  Key Category  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>x</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd        ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ 
-| 1.A.3.b ii      |  -/-        |  L/-  |  -/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  L/T  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -    |  -/-  |  -/T   |  L/T    |+| 1.A.3.b ii     |  L/-             |  -/-    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/T               |  L/T              |  -/-  |  L/T  |  -/-  |  -/-  |  -/-       |  -/-  |  -/-   |  -/-  |  -    |
  
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
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 ==== Activity data ==== ==== Activity data ====
  
-Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2020a)]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany.+Specific consumption data for light-duty vehicles (LDV) are generated within TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)]. - The following table provides an overview of annual amounts of fuels consumed by LDV in Germany.
  
 __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__ __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of light duty vehicles, in terajoules__
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
-The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the 'Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport' (HBEFA, version 4.1) [(KELLER2017)] where they are provided on a tier3 level mostly and processed within the TREMOD software used by the party [(KNOERR2020a)]. +The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the 'Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport' (HBEFA, version 4.1) [(KELLER2017)] where they are provided on a tier3 level mostly and processed within the TREMOD software used by the party. 
  
 However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way . However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values here in a comprehendible way .
- 
  
 <WRAP center round info 100%> <WRAP center round info 100%>
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 Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] is used instead. Regarding PCDD/F, a tier1 EF from (Rentz et al., 2008) [(RENTZ2008)] is used instead.
  
-__Table 3: tier1 emission factors__+__Table 2: tier1 emission factors__
 |                                       |  **Pb**   |  **Cd**  |  **Hg**  |  **As**  |  **Cr**  |  **Cu**  |  **Ni**  |  **Se**  |  **Zn**  |  **B[a]P**  |  **B[b]F**  |  **B[k]F**  |  **I[1,2,3-c,d]p**  |  **PAH 1-4**  |  **PCDD/F**  | |                                       |  **Pb**   |  **Cd**  |  **Hg**  |  **As**  |  **Cr**  |  **Cu**  |  **Ni**  |  **Se**  |  **Zn**  |  **B[a]P**  |  **B[b]F**  |  **B[k]F**  |  **I[1,2,3-c,d]p**  |  **PAH 1-4**  |  **PCDD/F**  |
 |                                       |   [g/TJ]                                                                                  |||||||||   [mg/TJ]                                                                 |||||  [µg/km]     | |                                       |   [g/TJ]                                                                                  |||||||||   [mg/TJ]                                                                 |||||  [µg/km]     |
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 =====Discussion of emission trends==== =====Discussion of emission trends====
  
-__Table: Outcome of Key Category Analyis__+__Table 3: Outcome of Key Category Analyis__
 |  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  BC             ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^ |  for: ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  BC             ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^
 |   by: |  Level           |  Level & Trend  |  -/T              |  L/T               | |   by: |  Level           |  Level & Trend  |  -/T              |  L/T               |
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 ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== ====Particulate matter & Black carbon====
  
-Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called "diesel boom" began, leading to a switch from gasoline to diesel powered passenger cars. As the newly registered diesel cars had to meet the EURO2 standard (in force since 1996/'97) with a PM limit value less than half the EURO1 value, the growing diesel consumption was overcompensated qickly by the mitigation technologies implemented due to the new EURO norm. During the following years, new EURO norms came into force. With the still ongoing "diesel boom" those norms led to a stabilisation (EURO3, 2000/'01) of emissions and to another strong decrease of PM emissions (EURO4, 2005/'06), respectively. Over-all, the increased consumption of diesel in passenger cars was overastimated by the implemented mitigation technologies. +Starting in the middle of the 1990s, a so-called "diesel boom" began, leading to a switch from gasoline to diesel powered passenger cars. As the newly registered diesel cars had to meet the EURO2 standard (in force since 1996/'97) with a PM limit value less than half the EURO1 value, the growing diesel consumption was overcompensated qickly by the mitigation technologies implemented due to the new EURO norm. During the following years, new EURO norms came into force.  
 + 
 +With the still ongoing "diesel boom" those norms led to a stabilisation (EURO3, 2000/'01) of emissions and to another strong decrease of PM emissions (EURO4, 2005/'06), respectively. Over-all, the increased consumption of diesel in passenger cars was over-estimated by the implemented mitigation technologies. 
  
 {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3bii_em_pm.png?700 }} {{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:1a3bii_em_pm.png?700 }}
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 Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way.
  
-<WRAP center round info 60%> +<WRAP center round info 65%> 
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
- 
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
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-[(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2020. )]+[(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: Energieverbrauch und Schadstoffemissionen des motorisierten Verkehrs in Deutschland 1960-2035, sowie TREMOD, im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, Heidelberg & Berlin, 2021. )]
 [(KELLER2017> Keller et al. (2017): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html - Dokumentation, Bern, 2017. )] [(KELLER2017> Keller et al. (2017): Keller, M., Hausberger, S., Matzer, C., Wüthrich, P., & Notter, B.: Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport, version 4.1 (Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Straßenverkehrs 4.1) URL: http://www.hbefa.net/e/index.html - Dokumentation, Bern, 2017. )]
 [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] [(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019; https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-b-i/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]
 [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )] [(RENTZ2008> Rentz et al., 2008: Nationaler Durchführungsplan unter dem Stockholmer Abkommen zu persistenten organischen Schadstoffen (POPs), im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes, FKZ 205 67 444, UBA Texte | 01/2008, January 2008 - URL: http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/en/publikationen/nationaler-durchfuehrungsplan-unter-stockholmer )]