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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:mopeds_and_motorcycles [2021/04/08 15:51] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:road_transport:emissions_from_fuel_combustion_in_road_vehicles:mopeds_and_motorcycles [2022/03/22 07:19] – kotzulla | ||
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In sub-categories //1.A.3.b iv - Road Transport: Mopeds & Motorcycles// | In sub-categories //1.A.3.b iv - Road Transport: Mopeds & Motorcycles// | ||
- | ^ Category Code ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | 1.A.3.b iv | T1, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, M, D ||||| | + | | 1.A.3.b iv |
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | 1.A.3.b iv | + | | Key Category: |
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Specific consumption data for mopeds and motorcycles is generated within the TREMOD model (Knörr, | + | Specific consumption data for mopeds and motorcycles is generated within the TREMOD model (Knörr, |
{{ : | {{ : | ||
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__Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of mopeds and motorcycles, | __Table 1: Annual fuel consumption of mopeds and motorcycles, | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2010** | + | | ^ |
- | | **MOPEDS** | + | | **MOPEDS** |
- | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | ^ Ʃ Mopeds | + | | **Ʃ Mopeds** |
- | | **MOTORCYCLES** | + | | **MOTORCYCLES** |
- | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | ^ Ʃ Motorcycles | + | | **Ʃ Motorcycles** ^ |
- | | **MOTORIZED 2-WHEELERS: Mopeds & Motorcycles** | + | | **MOTORIZED 2-WHEELERS: Mopeds & Motorcycles** |
- | | Gasoline | + | ^ Gasoline |
- | | Biogasoline | + | ^ Biogasoline |
- | ^ Ʃ 1.A.3.b iv ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.3.b iv** |
- | source: TREMOD | + | source: TREMOD [(KNOERR2021a)] |
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
- | {{ | + | |
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
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==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
- | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' | + | The majority of emission factors for exhaust emissions from road transport are taken from the ' |
However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values in a comprehendible way here. | However, it is not possible to present these highly specific tier3 values in a comprehendible way here. | ||
- | |||
- | [!-- the following table provides a set of fuel-specific implied emission factors (ratio of total emissions per pollutant and total annual consumption. | ||
- | |||
- | __Table 2: Annual country-specific implied emission factors< | ||
- | | | **1990** | ||
- | | NH< | ||
- | | NMVOC< | ||
- | | NO< | ||
- | | SO< | ||
- | | CO | ||
- | | PM< | ||
- | | PM< | ||
- | | TSP< | ||
- | | BC | ||
- | < | ||
- | < | ||
- | < | ||
- | |||
- | --] | ||
<WRAP center round info 100%> | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
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__Table 3: Overview of applied EMEP/EEA defaults and other tier1 EF__ | __Table 3: Overview of applied EMEP/EEA defaults and other tier1 EF__ | ||
- | | **As** | **Cd** | **Cr** | **Cu** | **Hg** | **Ni** | **Pb** | **Se** | **Zn** | **PCDD/F** | **B[a]P** | **B[b]F** | **B[k]F** | **I[...]P** | **PAH 1-4** | | + | ^ |
- | | | + | ^ |
- | | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.145 | 0.103 | 0.200 | 0.053 | 0.037 | 0.005 | 0.758 | 0.0000027 | 192.91 | 215.88 | 156.17 | 234.25 | 799.21 | | + | | 0.007 | 0.005 | 0.145 | 0.103 | 0.200 | 0.053 | 0.037 | 0.005 | 0.758 | 0.0000027 | 192.91 | 215.88 | 156.17 | 234.25 | 799.21 | |
===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
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**NFR 1.A.3.b iv** is no key category. | **NFR 1.A.3.b iv** is no key category. | ||
- | ====Carbon monoxide==== | + | Since 1990, exhaust emissions of NO< |
- | + | ||
- | {{ : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ==== Non-methane volatile organic compounds==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | Since 1990, exhaust emissions of NMVOC have decreased due to technical improvements. | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{ : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Nitrogen oxides==== | + | |
- | + | ||
- | {{ : | + | |
- | + | ||
- | ====Sulphur dioxide==== | + | |
- | As for the entire road transport sector, the trends for **sulphur dioxide** exhaust emissions from two-wheelers shows charcteristics very different from those shown above: Here, the strong dependence on increasing fuel qualities (sulphur content) leads to an cascaded downward trend of SO,,2,, emissions , influenced only slightly by increases in fuel consumption and mileage. | + | {{ : |
+ | {{ :sector:energy: | ||
+ | {{ : | ||
- | {{ :sector:energy: | + | As for the entire road transport |
- | ==== Particulate matter & Black carbon==== | + | {{ : |
- | Particle emissions result from the comusbtion of gasoline and bioethanol. Here, due to the assumption that nearly all TSP emitted is formed by particles in the PM,,2.5,, range, similar estimates are provided for all three fractions. (Exception: Until 1997, additional TSP emissions from use of leaded gasoline are included.) | + | **Particle emissions** result from the comusbtion of gasoline and bioethanol. Here, due to the assumption that nearly all TSP emitted is formed by particles in the PM<sub>2.5</ |
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
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__Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoules__ | ||
- | | | + | ^ |
- | | **GASOLINE** | + | | **GASOLINE** |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 23, | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **BIOGASOLINE** | + | | **BIOGASOLINE** |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | + | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | 23, | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2019 | | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | Due to the variety of tier3 **emission factors** applied, it is not possible to display any changes in these data sets in a comprehendible way. | ||
<WRAP center round info 60%> | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: | + | For more information on recalculated emission estimates reported for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general: |
</ | </ | ||
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===== FAQs ===== | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
- | [(KNOERR2020a> Knörr et al. (2020a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: | + | [(KNOERR2021a> Knörr et al. (2021a): Knörr, W., Heidt, C., Gores, S., & Bergk, F.: ifeu Institute for Energy and Environmental Research (Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg gGmbH, ifeu): Fortschreibung des Daten- und Rechenmodells: |
[(KELLER2017> | [(KELLER2017> | ||
[(EMEPEEA2019> | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
[(RENTZ2008> | [(RENTZ2008> |