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sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2021/03/15 15:40] – [1.B.2.b.iii - Processing] boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2022/03/08 08:43] – [Table] boettcher | ||
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| 1.B.2.b | | 1.B.2.b | ||
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
- | | 1.B.2.b | + | | 1.B.2.b |
+ | . | ||
+ | {{page> | ||
- | + | ===== 1.B.2.b.i - Exploration | |
- | ==== 1.B.2.b.i - Exploration ==== | + | |
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The emissions of source category 1.B.2.b.ii consist of emissions related to production. Since 1998, the Federal Association of the Natural gas, Oil and Geothermal Energy Industries (BVEG) has determined the emissions from production and published the relevant data in its statistical report. | The emissions of source category 1.B.2.b.ii consist of emissions related to production. Since 1998, the Federal Association of the Natural gas, Oil and Geothermal Energy Industries (BVEG) has determined the emissions from production and published the relevant data in its statistical report. | ||
- | ^ activity data | + | ^ activity data |
- | | produced quantities of natural gas | Billion m³ | 15.3 | 19.1 | 20.1 | 18.8 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 6.3 | | + | | produced quantities of natural gas | Billion m³ | 15.3 | 19.1 | 20.1 | 18.8 | 12.7 | 8.6 | 6.3 | |
^ Source of emission factor | ^ Source of emission factor | ||
| Natural gas production | | Natural gas production | ||
- | ==== 1.B.2.b.iii - Processing ==== | ||
- | |||
+ | ===== 1.B.2.b.iii - Processing ===== | ||
The emissions of this category consist of emissions from the activities of pretreatment and processing. | The emissions of this category consist of emissions from the activities of pretreatment and processing. | ||
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The natural gas that leaves processing plants is ready for use. The hydrogen sulphide is converted into elementary sulphur and is used primarily by the chemical industry, as a basic raw material. | The natural gas that leaves processing plants is ready for use. The hydrogen sulphide is converted into elementary sulphur and is used primarily by the chemical industry, as a basic raw material. | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | Sulphur production from natural gas production | + | | Sulphur production from natural gas production |
For processing of sour gas, data of the BVEG (the former WEG) for the period since 2000 are used. This data is the result of the BVEG members' | For processing of sour gas, data of the BVEG (the former WEG) for the period since 2000 are used. This data is the result of the BVEG members' | ||
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| Treatment of sour gas | NOx | | Treatment of sour gas | NOx | ||
| Treatment of sour gas | SO2 | | Treatment of sour gas | SO2 | ||
- | ==== 1.B.2.b.iv - Transmission ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== 1.B.2.b.iv - Transmission ===== | ||
This source category' | This source category' | ||
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In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges (" | In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges (" | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | Length of transmission pipelines | + | | Length of transmission pipelines |
- | | Cavern reservoirs | + | | Cavern reservoirs |
- | | Porous-rock reservoirs | + | | Porous-rock reservoirs |
Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines. | Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines. | ||
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| Cavern reservoirs | | Cavern reservoirs | ||
| Porous-rock reservoirs | | Porous-rock reservoirs | ||
- | ==== 1.B.2.b.v - Distribution ==== | + | |
+ | ===== 1.B.2.b.v - Distribution | ||
The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)). | The emissions caused by gas distribution have decreased slightly, even though gas throughput has increased considerably and the distribution network has been enlarged considerably with respect to its size in 1990. One important reason for this improvement is that the gas-distribution network has been modernised, especially in eastern Germany. In particular, the share of grey cast-iron lines in the low-pressure network has been reduced, with such lines being supplanted by low-emissions plastic pipelines. Another reason for the reduction is that fugitive losses in distribution have been reduced through a range of technical improvements (tightly sealing fittings such as flanges, valves, pumps, compressors) undertaken in keeping with emissions-control provisions in relevant regulations (TA Luft (1986) and TA Luft (2002)). | ||
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| Above-ground storage facilities | | Above-ground storage facilities | ||
+ | <WRAP center round info 80%> | ||
+ | In the 1990s, town gas (=coal gas) was supplied to households via distribution systems in East Germany and West-Berlin. The composition of coal gas varied in the different regions, consisting of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane and nitrogene. | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | ==== 1.B.2.b.vi - Distribution | + | ==== 1.B.2.b.vi - Post-Meter Emissions |
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| Energy consumption of the industry | | Energy consumption of the industry | ||
- | The emission factors are country-specific, | + | The emission factors are country-specific, |
^ Source of emission factor | ^ Source of emission factor | ||
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| Fittings in industrial facilities | | Fittings in industrial facilities | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Please refer to overarching chapter [[sector: | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
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[(AGEB2019a> | [(AGEB2019a> | ||
[(REICHERTSCHOEN2020> | [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020> | ||
- | + | [(DVGW2018> | |