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sector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2022/03/08 08:41] – [Table] boettchersector:energy:fugitive:gas:start [2022/03/08 08:47] – [Table] boettcher
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 In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges ("pigs") are used. In a pipeline system, a pig moves, driven by the gas flow, from a launching station to a receiving station (pig trap). Systems for launching and catching pigs can be either fixed or portable. Small quantities of methane are emitted in both insertion and removal of pigs. In addition, pig traps can develop leaks. Normally, however, such traps are regularly monitored for leaks and repaired as necessary. Not all types of pipelines can be pigged; diameter reductions, isolation valves, bends, etc. in pipelines can block pigs. These emissions have been estimated in the framework of a study carried out by the firm of DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH [(GROSSE2019)]. In pipeline inspection and cleaning, tools known as pipeline inspection gauges ("pigs") are used. In a pipeline system, a pig moves, driven by the gas flow, from a launching station to a receiving station (pig trap). Systems for launching and catching pigs can be either fixed or portable. Small quantities of methane are emitted in both insertion and removal of pigs. In addition, pig traps can develop leaks. Normally, however, such traps are regularly monitored for leaks and repaired as necessary. Not all types of pipelines can be pigged; diameter reductions, isolation valves, bends, etc. in pipelines can block pigs. These emissions have been estimated in the framework of a study carried out by the firm of DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH [(GROSSE2019)].
  
-^                                   ^  Unit        ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^ +^                                   ^  Unit        ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2010    ^  2015    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^ 
-| Length of transmission pipelines  |  km          |  22,696  |  28,671  |  32,214  |  34,086  |  35,503  |  34,270  |  34,996  |  34,476  | +| Length of transmission pipelines  |  km          |  22,696  |  28,671  |  32,214  |  34,086  |  35,503  |  34,270  |  34,476  |  33,809  | 
-| Cavern reservoirs                 |  Billion m³  |  2.8     |  4.8     |  6.1     |  6.8     |  9.2     |  14.3    |  12.4    |  15.3    | +| Cavern reservoirs                 |  Billion m³  |  2.8     |  4.8     |  6.1     |  6.8     |  9.2     |  14.3    |  15.3    |  15.0    | 
-| Porous-rock reservoirs            |  Billion m³  |  5.2     |  8.5     |  12.5    |  12.4    |  12.1    |  9.8     |  9.1     |  8.6     |+| Porous-rock reservoirs            |  Billion m³  |  5.2     |  8.5     |  12.5    |  12.4    |  12.1    |  9.8     |  8.6     |  8.6     |
  
 Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines. Most of the gas extracted in Germany is moved via pipelines from gas fields and their pumping stations (either on land or off the coast). Imported gas is also transported mainly via pipelines.
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 The category describes emissions from leakage in the industrial sector and in the residential and institutional/commercial sectors. The activity data is based on results of the German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW) [(BDEW2016)] and of own surveys. The BDEW gas statistics appear with a time lag of up to three years. Data of the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2019a)] is used to bridge the resulting gap. The category describes emissions from leakage in the industrial sector and in the residential and institutional/commercial sectors. The activity data is based on results of the German Association of Energy and Water Industries (BDEW) [(BDEW2016)] and of own surveys. The BDEW gas statistics appear with a time lag of up to three years. Data of the Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB) [(AGEB2019a)] is used to bridge the resulting gap.
  
-^ activity data                                                        ^  Unit     ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2018  ^  2019   ^ +^ activity data                                                        ^  Unit     ^  1990  ^  1995  ^  2000  ^  2005  ^  2010  ^  2015  ^  2019  ^  2020  ^ 
-| Gas meters in the residential and institutional / commercial sector  |  Million  |  10.3  |  12.7  |  12.8  |  13.3  |  12.9  |  13    |  13.1  |  13.1   | +| Gas meters in the residential and institutional / commercial sector  |  Million  |  10.3  |  12.7  |  12.8  |  13.3  |  12.9  |  13.0  |  13.1  |  13.1  | 
-| Energy consumption of the industry                                   |  TWh      |  323   |  361   |  370   |  399   |  335   |  377   |  391   |  426.5  |+| Energy consumption of the industry                                   |  TWh      |  323   |  361   |  370   |  399   |  335   |  377   |  420   |  408   |
  
 The emission factors are country-specific, and they were determined via the research project "Methane emissions via gas use in Germany from 1990 to 1997, with an outlook for 2010" ( Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010) Fraunhofer ISI (2000) [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020)]. Pursuant to Arbeitsblatt [Worksheet] G 600(Technische Regel fuer Gasinstallationen [(DVGW2018)] of the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW), a leakage rate of 0-1 l CH4/h has no affect on an installation's functionality. When a leak test shows that an installation is leaking a rate higher than that figure, the installation has to be repaired within the short term. National experts thus consider a value of 2 m³ CH4/year to be suitable. To receive appropriate NMVOC emission factors the gas composition was considered.  The emission factors are country-specific, and they were determined via the research project "Methane emissions via gas use in Germany from 1990 to 1997, with an outlook for 2010" ( Methanemissionen durch den Einsatz von Gas in Deutschland von 1990 bis 1997 mit einem Ausblick auf 2010) Fraunhofer ISI (2000) [(REICHERTSCHOEN2020)]. Pursuant to Arbeitsblatt [Worksheet] G 600(Technische Regel fuer Gasinstallationen [(DVGW2018)] of the German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water (DVGW), a leakage rate of 0-1 l CH4/h has no affect on an installation's functionality. When a leak test shows that an installation is leaking a rate higher than that figure, the installation has to be repaired within the short term. National experts thus consider a value of 2 m³ CH4/year to be suitable. To receive appropriate NMVOC emission factors the gas composition was considered.