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sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2021/04/16 09:02] – [1.B.2.a.iv- Refining / storage] boettcher | sector:energy:fugitive:oil:start [2022/09/15 12:49] (current) – [References] Fix link hausmann | ||
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| 1.B.2.a.v | | 1.B.2.a.v | ||
- | ^ Key Category | + | ^ Key Category |
- | | 1.B.2.a.i | + | | 1.B.2.a.i |
- | | 1.B.2.a.iv | + | | 1.B.2.a.iv |
- | | 1.B.2.a.v | + | | 1.B.2.a.v |
. | . | ||
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Emissions from exploration consist of emissions from activities of drilling companies and other actors in the exploration sector. Gas and oil exploration takes place in Germany. According to the BVEG (former WEG) [(WEG2008)], | Emissions from exploration consist of emissions from activities of drilling companies and other actors in the exploration sector. Gas and oil exploration takes place in Germany. According to the BVEG (former WEG) [(WEG2008)], | ||
- | ^ Activity data ^ Unit ^ 1990 ^ 1995 | + | __Table 1: Activity data applied for emissions from oil exploration__ |
- | | number of wells | No. | 12 | 17 | + | ^ |
- | | total of drilling meter | m | 50, | + | | number of wells | No. |
+ | | total of drilling meter | m | ||
Since pertinent measurements are not available for the individual wells involved, a conservative approach is used whereby VOC emissions for wells are calculated on the basis of the share ratio of VOC = 9 NMVOC : 1 CH4, using the default methane factor of the IPCC Guidelines 2006 [(IPCC2006)]. | Since pertinent measurements are not available for the individual wells involved, a conservative approach is used whereby VOC emissions for wells are calculated on the basis of the share ratio of VOC = 9 NMVOC : 1 CH4, using the default methane factor of the IPCC Guidelines 2006 [(IPCC2006)]. | ||
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | __Table 2: NMVOC emission factor |
- | | exploration | + | ^ Value ^ |
+ | | 576 | | ||
Emissions from extraction (crude oil) and first treatment of raw materials (petroleum) in the petroleum industry are included in 1.B.2.a.i as well. Because Germany' | Emissions from extraction (crude oil) and first treatment of raw materials (petroleum) in the petroleum industry are included in 1.B.2.a.i as well. Because Germany' | ||
- | ^ Activity Data ^ Unit | + | __Table 3: Annual amounts of oil produced, in [kt]__ |
- | | oil produced | + | ^ 1990 |
+ | | 3,606 | 2,959 | 3,123 | 3,573 | 2,516 | 2,414 | | ||
The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data. | The emissions from production and processing are measured or calculated by the operators, and the pertinent data is published in the annual reports of the Federal association of the natural gas, oil and geothermal energy industries (BVEG) [(BVEG)]. The emission factors are determined from the reported emissions and the activity data. | ||
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | __Table 4: NMVOC emission factor |
- | | Crude oil production | + | ^ |
+ | | 0.015 | | ||
Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes. | Transport emissions are tied to activities of logistics companies and of pipeline operators and pipeline networks. After the first treatment, crude oil is transported to refineries. Almost all transport of crude oil takes place via pipelines. Pipelines are stationary and, normally, run underground. In contrast to other types of transport, petroleum transport is not interrupted by handling processes. | ||
- | + | __Table 5: Activity data applied for emissions from oil transportation, | |
- | ^ activity data | + | ^ Activity |
- | | Transport of domestically produced crude oil | + | | Transport of domestically produced crude oil | 3,660 | 2,940 | 3,123 | 3,572 | 2,516 | 2,414 | 1,927 | 1,907 | |
- | | Transport of imported crude oil | kt | + | | Transport of imported crude oil |
- | | Transport via inland-waterway tankers | + | | Transport via inland-waterway tankers |
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The emission factor covers the areas of transfer / injection into pipelines at pumping stations, all infrastructure along pipelines (connections, | The emission factor covers the areas of transfer / injection into pipelines at pumping stations, all infrastructure along pipelines (connections, | ||
- | + | __Table 6: NMVOC emission factor | |
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | ^ Activity |
- | | Transports of domestically produced crude oil | + | | Transports of domestically produced crude oil | 0.13 | |
- | | Transports of imported crude oil | NMVOC | + | | Transports of imported crude oil | 0.064 | |
- | | Transports via inland-waterway tankers | + | | Transports via inland-waterway tankers |
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Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], | Tanks are emptied and cleaned routinely before tank inspections and repairs. In tank cleaning, a distinction is made between crude-oil tanks and product tanks. Because sediments accumulate in crude oil tanks, cleaning these tanks, in comparison to cleaning product tanks, is a considerably more laborious process. The substances in product tanks produce no sediments and thus are cleaned only when the products they contain are changed. In keeping with an assessment of Müller-BBM (2010)[(MBBM2010)], | ||
- | ^ activity | + | __Table 8: Activity |
- | | Quantity of crude oil refined | + | ^ Activity |
+ | | Quantity of crude oil refined | ||
| Capacity utilisation in refineries | | Capacity utilisation in refineries | ||
- | | Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries | + | | Crude-oil-refining capacity in refineries |
- | | Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals | + | | Tank-storage capacity in refineries and pipeline terminals |
- | | Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries | + | | Storage capacity of tank-storage facilities outside of refineries |
- | | Storage capacity of caverns | + | | Storage capacity of caverns |
**Processing** | **Processing** | ||
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{{ : | {{ : | ||
- | ^ Source of emission factor | + | __Table 9: Emission factors applied for emissions from oil refinement and storage__ |
+ | ^ Activity | ||
| Fugitive emissions at refineries | | Fugitive emissions at refineries | ||
| Fugitive emissions at refineries | | Fugitive emissions at refineries | ||
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<WRAP center round info 80%> | <WRAP center round info 80%> | ||
- | Emissions from storage | + | Emissions from storage consider all refinery products. |
</ | </ | ||
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In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, | In this category, petroleum products that have undergone fractional distillation in refineries are handled and distributed, | ||
- | + | __Table 10: Annual | |
- | ^ activity data ^ Unit ^ 1990 | + | ^ Activity |
- | | number of petrol stations | + | | number of petrol stations |
- | | distribution of diesel | + | | distribution of diesel |
- | | distribution of jet fuel | + | | distribution of jet fuel |
- | | distribution of light heating oil | kt | 31,803 | 34,785 | 27,875 | 25,380 | 21,005 | 16,127 | | + | | distribution of light heating oil | kt | 31,803 | 34,785 | 27,875 | 25,380 | 21,005 | 16,127 | |
- | | distribution of domestic petrol | + | | distribution of domestic petrol |
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- | Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(Theloke2013)]. | + | Generally, the emission factors listed below have been verified by the study [(THELOKE2013)]. |
^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions** | ^ **Process responsible for NMVOC emissions** | ||
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===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | Emissions from storage of refinery products will be divided up to fuels (under 1.B) and chemical products (2.B) - please see info box under 1.B.2.a.iv. | + | No further improvements are planned. |
===== References ===== | ===== References ===== | ||
[(MWV> | [(MWV> | ||
- | [(BVEG> | + | [(BVEG> |
- | [(WEG2008> | + | [(WEG2008> |
[(IPCC2006> | [(IPCC2006> | ||
[(THELOKE2013> | [(THELOKE2013> | ||
[(CECH2017> | [(CECH2017> | ||
- | [(MBBM2010> | + | [(MBBM2010> |
[(Bender2019> | [(Bender2019> | ||
[(VDI2000> | [(VDI2000> |