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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2021/01/17 19:39] – [Table] kotzulla | sector:ippu:chemical_industry:ammonia_production:start [2022/02/23 15:09] – [Table] kuntze | ||
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===== Short description ===== | ===== Short description ===== | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ Category Code ^ Method |
- | | | + | | 2.B.1 | T2 ||||| PS ||||| D |
+ | ^ Key Category | ||
+ | | 2.B.1 | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{page> | ||
+ | |||
+ | Ammonia is synthesised from hydrogen and nitrogen, using the Haber-Bosch process. Hydrogen is produced from synthetic gas – which in turn is produced from natural gas – via a highly integrated process, steam reforming. Nitrogen is produced via air dissociation. | ||
+ | The various plant types involved in the production of ammonia cannot be divided into individual units nor be considered as independent process parts, due to the highly integrated character of the procedure. In **steam reforming**, | ||
+ | |||
+ | * ACP - Advanced Conventional Process - with a fired primary reformer and secondary reforming with excess air (stoichiometric H/N ratio) | ||
+ | * RPR - Reduced Primary Reformer Process - under mild conditions in a fired primary reformer and secondary splitting with excess air (sub-stoichiometric H/N ratio) | ||
+ | and | ||
+ | * HPR - Heat Exchange Primary Reformer Process – autothermic splitting with heat exchange using a steam reformer heated with process gas (heat exchange reformer) and a separate secondary reformer or a combined autothermic reformer using excess air or enriched air (sub-stoichiometric or stoichiometric H/N ratio). | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | The following process is also used for ammonia synthesis: | ||
+ | **Partial oxidation**, | ||
+ | Most plants operate using steam-reforming, | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | The production decrease of more than 15 % in the first year after German reunification was the result of a market shakeup, over 2/3 of which was borne by the new German Länder. The production level then remained nearly constant in the succeeding years until 1994. The reasons for the re-increase as of 1995 back to the 1990 level are not understood; the re-increase may however be due to a change in statistical survey methods. After 1990, production levels fluctuated only slightly. Since then, the rate of ammonia production has been stable. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Method ===== | ||
+ | There were five plants in Germany which produced ammonia, using both steam reforming and partial oxidation. | ||
+ | Since mid 2014 there are only four left, but both processes are still used. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
+ | As the CO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Emission factor ==== | ||
+ | For NO< | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
+ | With the newly included CO emission factor, | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Table 1**: CO emissions from ammonia production | ||
+ | ^ Year ^ CO emission (in kt) ^ | ||
+ | | 1990 | 0.27 | | ||
+ | | 1991 | 0.24 | | ||
+ | | 1992 | 0.24 | | ||
+ | | 1993 | 0.23 | | ||
+ | | 1994 | 0.24 | | ||
+ | | 1995 | 0.29 | | ||
+ | | 1996 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 1997 | 0.29 | | ||
+ | | 1998 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 1999 | 0.29 | | ||
+ | | 2000 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2001 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 2002 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2003 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2004 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 2005 | 0.33 | | ||
+ | | 2006 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2007 | 0.33 | | ||
+ | | 2008 | 0.31 | | ||
+ | | 2009 | 0.27 | | ||
+ | | 2010 | 0.31 | | ||
+ | | 2011 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2012 | 0.31 | | ||
+ | | 2013 | 0.32 | | ||
+ | | 2014 | 0.29 | | ||
+ | | 2015 | 0.27 | | ||
+ | | 2016 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 2017 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 2018 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | | 2019 | 0.29 | | ||
+ | | 2020 | 0.30 | | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | At the moment, no category-specific improvements are planned. | ||
- | {{page> | ||
- | ===== Methodology ===== |