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sector:ippu:chemical_industry:other:start [2022/02/08 16:15] – [Recalculations] zhengsector:ippu:chemical_industry:other:start [2022/03/29 09:46] (current) – [Chlor-alkali industry] reichel
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 __Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__ __Table 1: Overview of emission sources covered__
-^ Emission sources                                                                       ^ Pollutants                                              ^ Method  ^ AD  ^ EF  ^ Key Category  ^ +^ Emission sources                                                    ^ Pollutants                                                  ^ Method  ^ AD  ^ EF     ^ Key Category  ^ 
-| [[#Large Volume Organic chemicals|Large Volume Organic chemicals]]  | NMVOC (PCDD/F <sub>only for Ethylene Dichloride</sub>)      | T2          | NS      | CS      |                   | +| [[#Large Volume Organic chemicals|Large Volume Organic chemicals]]  | NMVOC (PCDD/F <sub>only for Ethylene Dichloride</sub>)      | T2      | NS  | CS     |               | 
-| [[#Carbon Black|Carbon Black]]                                                             | CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | T2          | NS      | D, CS   |                   | +| [[#Carbon Black|Carbon Black]]                                      | CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | T2      | NS  | D, CS  |               | 
-| [[#Fertilizers|Fertilizers]]                                                               | TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>      | T2          | -       | D, CS   |                   | +| [[#fertilizer_production|Fertilizers]]                              | TSP, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2.5</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>      | T2      | -   | D, CS  |               | 
-| [[#Sulphuric acid|Sulphuric acid]]                                                         | SO<sub>2</sub>                                              | T2          | NS      | CS      | L             | +| [[#Sulphuric acid|Sulphuric acid]]                                  | SO<sub>2</sub>                                              | T2      | NS  | CS     | L             | 
-| [[#Chlor-alkali industry|Chlor-alkali industry]]                                           | Hg                                                          | T3          | PS      | -       |                  |+| [[#Chlor-alkali industry|Chlor-alkali industry]]                    | Hg                                                          | T3      | PS  | -      |               |
 {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}} {{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
  
 ===== Method ===== ===== Method =====
  
-=== Large Volume Organic chemicals === +==== Large Volume Organic chemicals ==== 
-The annual production volumes for all large volume organic chemicals are extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>.\\+The annual production volumes for all large volume organic chemicals are extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office [(DESTATIS, Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe (“manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry”))]
  
 __These chemicals__ comprise: __These chemicals__ comprise:
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 ^ from 2000           | 1.1                | 0.5                | 0.5                | 0.27              | 0.14                      | 0.3                  | ^ from 2000           | 1.1                | 0.5                | 0.5                | 0.27              | 0.14                      | 0.3                  |
  
-=== Carbon Black ===+==== Carbon Black ====
  
-The figures for carbon black production in the new German Länder in 1990 were taken from the Statistical Yearbook (Statistisches Jahrbuch) for the Federal Republic of Germany; the figures for 1991 and 1992 were estimated, due to confidentiality requirements. The other data for carbon-black production as of 1990 were obtained from national production statistics<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>. \\ \\+The figures for carbon black production in the new German Länder in 1990 were taken from the Statistical Yearbook (Statistisches Jahrbuch) for the Federal Republic of Germany; the figures for 1991 and 1992 were estimated, due to confidentiality requirements. The other data for carbon-black production as of 1990 were obtained from national production statistics<sup>**1)**</sup>. \\ \\
 From 2005 onwards, Germany uses activity data calculated from the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the Emission Trading System (ETS), delivered by the German emission trading authority (DEHSt), and the default CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor from the IPCC Guidelines 2006 for carbon black production. A comparison of the statistical data and the emission trading data leads to the conclusion, that the statistical data is most probably overestimated. From 2005 onwards, Germany uses activity data calculated from the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions of the Emission Trading System (ETS), delivered by the German emission trading authority (DEHSt), and the default CO<sub>2</sub> emission factor from the IPCC Guidelines 2006 for carbon black production. A comparison of the statistical data and the emission trading data leads to the conclusion, that the statistical data is most probably overestimated.
  
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-=== Fertilizers ===+==== Fertilizer production ====
  
-The activity data is also extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup> and consist of mono and multicomponent fertilizers. +The activity data is also extracted from national production statistics by the Federal Statistical Office<sup>**1)**</sup> and consists of mono and multicomponent fertilizers. 
  
-The emission factors are country specific (Jörß et al. 2006)<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 2]]]**</sup> and are presented in the following table. +The emission factors are country specific (Jörß et al. 2006)[(Umweltbundesamt, W: Jörß, V. Handke, Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020, 31.12.2006, Annex A, chapter A.2.4.8)] and are presented in the following table. 
  
 __Table 5: Emission factors of fertilizers in Germany, in kg/t__ __Table 5: Emission factors of fertilizers in Germany, in kg/t__
  
-^ Product            ^       ^        ^ Fertilizers  ^      ^ Nitrogenous Fertilizers  ^ +^ Product            ^  Fertilizers                                      ||| 
-^ Pollutant          | PM<sub>10</sub>  | PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | TSP          | NH<sub>3</sub>  | TSP                      | +^ Pollutant          | PM<sub>10</sub>  | PM<sub>2.5</sub>  | TSP          | 
-^ from 1990 to 1994  |       |        | 2            | 5    | 1                        | +^ 1990               | NA               | NA                | 1.420376946  | 
-^ 1995               | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        | +^ from 1991 to 1994  | NA               | NA                | 2            | 
-^ 1996               | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        | +^ from 1995 onwards  | 0.115938         | 0.0781395         | 0.1695       |
-^ 1997               | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        | +
-^ 1998               | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        | +
-^ 1999               | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        | +
-^ from 2000          | 0.12  | 0.08   | 0.17         | 5    | 1                        |+
  
-=== Sulphuric acid ===+==== Urea production ==== 
 +The activity data is from the federal statistical office of Germany (GP 2015 31 300). The amount of urea is reported there in t-N.  
 +As the emission factor is in kg/t urea, the reported amount of urea in t-N is multiplied with the molar mass of urea and divided with the molar mass of nitric (60.06/14).   
 + 
 +AR of urea (in t) = AR of urea (in t-N) * (molar mass of urea)/ (molar mass of N) 
 + 
 + 
 +The emission factor is 2.5 kg/t urea, which is a T2 EF from the EMEP/EEA Guidebook 2019 [(European Environment Agency: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Part B: sectoral guidance chapters, 2.B Chemical industry (Oct 2019): chapter 3.2.2, pp.32, table 3.2.9)]. 
 + 
 + 
 + 
 +==== Sulphuric acid ====
  
 The activity data for sulphuric acid production is from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. The activity data for sulphuric acid production is from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany.
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 For the SO<sub>x</sub> EF for sulphuric acid production a survey was made in the year 2019. The producers were directly asked by the association. Based on the data from the producers, new EFs for the years 2017 and 2018 were developed. All emissions were measured by the producers respectively or limit values are specified in the permit decision for the installation. The EF is weighted by the amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> produced. Big producers have more influence on the EF than small producers. The EF is smaller than the Default-EF. This is due to significant process optimizations and technology improvements since 1990. For the SO<sub>x</sub> EF for sulphuric acid production a survey was made in the year 2019. The producers were directly asked by the association. Based on the data from the producers, new EFs for the years 2017 and 2018 were developed. All emissions were measured by the producers respectively or limit values are specified in the permit decision for the installation. The EF is weighted by the amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> produced. Big producers have more influence on the EF than small producers. The EF is smaller than the Default-EF. This is due to significant process optimizations and technology improvements since 1990.
  
-=== Chlor-alkali industry ===+==== Chlor-alkali industry ==== 
 + 
 +For the mercury (Hg) losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, Germany used the yearly published data from OSPAR [(ODIMS (OSPAR Data & Information Management System); https://odims.ospar.org/en/search/?dataset=chlor_alkali_data)] on the plant specific production capacity for the AD and the plant specific emissions from the chlor-alkali industry. Because of the BAT (best available technique) conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry, the production based upon the amalgam process has stopped in 2017. Most production sites switched to membrane technology. 
 +However, emissions of Hg are still ocurring, because two production sites still continue to uses the amalgam process for the production of certain alcoholates; not regulated by the BAT conclusions for Chlor-alkali production. Before 2018 these Hg-emissions were reported together with the Hg-emissions from Chlor-alkali production. But the OSPAR convention does not request the Hg-emissions from alcoholate production to be reported, so CEFIC does no longer report these emissions to OSPAR. 
 +As from 2018 PRTR data is used to determine mercury emissions belonging to the alcoholate production. Due to a delay of the 2019 PRTR data the 2018 emission value is used also in 2019 and 2020.
  
-For the mercury losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, Germany uses the yearly published data from OSPAR on the plant specific production capacity for the AD and the plant specific emissions from the chlor-alkali industry. Because of the BAT (best available technique) conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry, the production has stopped in 2017. However, emissions of Hg are still ocurring, because two plants still produce alcoholates and dithionite and are not regulated by the BAT conclusions for Chlor-alkali production. In both plants Chlor-alkali was also produced. The Hg-emissions from the production of dithionite and alcoholates  were so far reported together with the Hg-emissions from Chlor-alkali production. The OSPAR convention does not request the Hg-emissions from dithionite and alcoholate production to be reported, so CEFIC does no longer report these emissions to OSPAR.  
  
  
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 For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from sulphuric acid production, and for Hg emissions from chlor-alkali industry, the emissions of the two last years are always actualized. This is because the emissions of the last year are always a prediction, as the final emissions are still not published by the time of reporting. For SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from sulphuric acid production, and for Hg emissions from chlor-alkali industry, the emissions of the two last years are always actualized. This is because the emissions of the last year are always a prediction, as the final emissions are still not published by the time of reporting.
  
-From Submission 2022 the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from titanium dioxide production are no longer confidential and are therefore reallocated to category 2.B.6. Thus, the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions here are reported only from the sulphuric acid production (See **Table 1**)+From Submission 2022 the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions from titanium dioxide production are no longer confidential and are therefore reallocated to category 2.B.6. Thus, the SO<sub>2</sub> emissions reported here are only from the sulphuric acid production (See **Table 6**) 
 + 
 +**Table 6**: SO<sub>2</sub> emission from sulphuric acid production  
 +^ Year  ^  SO<sub>2</sub> in kt ^ 
 +| 1990  |                 23.47 | 
 +| 1991  |                 22.47 | 
 +| 1992  |                 22.07 | 
 +| 1993  |                 20.14 | 
 +| 1994  |                 18.86 | 
 +| 1995  |                 23.03 | 
 +| 1996  |                 20.98 | 
 +| 1997  |                 22.23 | 
 +| 1998  |                 23.58 | 
 +| 1999  |                 24.03 | 
 +| 2000  |                 24.04 | 
 +| 2001  |                 23.01 | 
 +| 2002  |                 22.89 | 
 +| 2003  |                 23.78 | 
 +| 2004  |                 25.65 | 
 +| 2005  |                 26.54 | 
 +| 2006  |                 26.83 | 
 +| 2007  |                 25.74 | 
 +| 2008  |                  24.1 | 
 +| 2009  |                 19.87 | 
 +| 2010  |                 20.39 | 
 +| 2011  |                 19.79 | 
 +| 2012  |                 18.25 | 
 +| 2013  |                 16.94 | 
 +| 2014  |                 13.89 | 
 +| 2015  |                 12.59 | 
 +| 2016  |                 11.06 | 
 +| 2017  |                 10.14 | 
 +| 2018  |                 10.22 | 
 +| 2019  |                  9.96 | 
 +| 2020  |                  9.69 | 
 + 
 +So far Germany reported NH<sub>3</sub> and TSP emissions from nitric fertilizer production. Germany has decided to not report this category anymore, but to report emissions from the category urea production instead. There are several reasons to do this. First, the category nitric fertilizer production is a country specific category and there is no method described in the EMEP/EEA Guidebook for this. Second, Germany has no data source for the activity data for this category for many years. During the investigation Germany came to the assumption that there is a double counting of TSP emissions from nitric fertilizer production and fertilizer production.  
 +Therefore, instead of nitric fertilizer production Germany reports NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from urea production based on the Emep/EEA Guidebook method, using statistical data from the federal statistical office since the submission 2022, which will be available in future too. With this step Germany has improved the quality of the reporting of the fertilizer porduction in Germany. 
  
-**Table 1**: SO<sub>2</sub> emission from sulphuric acid production  +**Table 7**: NH<sub>3</sub> and TSP emissions from urea production and nitric fertilizer production  
-^ Year  ^ SO₂ emissions (in kt)  ^ +^            ^ Subm2022         ^                  ^ Subm2021           ^                    ^                    ^ Difference  ^            ^ 
-| 1990  |                 46238 | +^ Product    ^ urea fertilizer  ^ urea fertilizer  ^ nitric fertilizer  ^ nitric fertilizer  ^ nitric fertilizer  ^             ^ Product    ^ 
-| 1991  |                 15220 | +^            ^ AD               ^ EM               ^ AD                 ^ EM                 ^ EM                 ^ EM          ^ EM         ^ 
-| 1992  |                 15087 | +^ Pollutant  ^                  ^ NH<sub>3</sub>   ^ NH<sub>3</sub>     ^ TSP                ^ NH<sub>3</sub>     ^ TSP         ^ Pollutant  ^ 
-| 1993  |                 14121 | +^ Unit       ^ t                ^ t                ^ t                  ^ t                  ^ t                  ^ t           ^ t          ^ 
-| 1994  |                 13624 | +^ 1990       | 2,574,000        | 6,435            | 1,914,000          | 9,570              | 958.9              | -3,135      | -959       | 
-| 1995  |                 17408 | +^ 1991       | 2,574,000        | 6,435            | 1,423,000          | 7,115              | 1,423              | -680        | -1423      | 
-| 1996  |                 15928 | +^ 1992       | 2,574,000        | 6,435            | 1,365,000          | 6,825              | 1,365              | -390        | -1365      | 
-| 1997  |                 17172 | +^ 1993       | 2,574,000        | 6,435            | 1,303,000          | 6,515              | 1,303              | -80         | -1303      | 
-| 1998  |                 18772 | +^ 1994       | 2,574,000        | 6,435            | 1,199,000          | 5,995              | 1,199              | 440         | -1199      | 
-| 1999  |                 19488 | +^ 1995       | 2,438,937.93     | 6,097.34         | 1,504,000          | 7,520              | 1,504              | -1,423      | -1504      | 
-| 2000  |                 19604 | +^ 1996       | 2,607,500.61     | 6,518.75         | 1,565,000          | 7,825              | 1,565              | -1,306      | -1565      | 
-| 2001  |                 18637 | +^ 1997       | 2,344,506.45     | 5,861.27         | 1,396,000          | 6,980              | 1,396              | -1,119      | -1396      | 
-| 2002  |                 18733 | +^ 1998       | 2,468,749.14     | 6,171.87         | 1,422,000          | 7,110              | 1,422              | -938        | -1422      | 
-| 2003  |                 19604 | +^ 1999       | 2,463,343.74     | 6,158.36         | 1,476,000          | 7,380              | 1,476              | -1,222      | -1476      | 
-| 2004  |                 21670 | +^ 2000       | 2,646,492.42     | 6,616.23         | 1,641,000          | 8,205              | 1,641              | -1,589      | -1641      | 
-| 2005  |                 22400 | +^ 2001       | 2,333,532.63     | 5,833.83         | 1,432,000          | 7,160              | 1,432              | -1,326      | -1432      | 
-| 2006  |                 22624 | +^ 2002       | 2,830,276.02     | 7,075.69         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -799        | -1575      | 
-| 2007  |                 21571 | +^ 2003       | 2,801,352.84     | 7,003.38         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -872        | -1575      | 
-| 2008  |                 20402 | +^ 2004       | 2,435,604.60     | 6,089.01         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -1,786      | -1575      | 
-| 2009  |                 16690 | +^ 2005       | 2,587,955.37     | 6,469.89         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -1,405      | -1575      | 
-| 2010  |                 16582 | +^ 2006       | 2,854,574.58     | 7,136.44         | 1,884,600          | 9,423              | 1,884.60           | -2,287      | -1884.6    | 
-| 2011  |                 16347 | +^ 2007       | 2,648,474.40     | 6,621.19         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -1,254      | -1575      | 
-| 2012  |                 15036 | +^ 2008       | 2,592,549.96     | 6,481.37         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -1,394      | -1575      | 
-| 2013  |                 13630 | +^ 2009       | 3,422,832.27     | 8,557.08         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | 682         | -1575      | 
-| 2014  |                 10343 | +^ 2010       | 3,074,359.86     | 7,685.90         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -189        | -1575      | 
-| 2015  |                  9025 | +^ 2011       | 1,854,138        | 4,635.35         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -3,240      | -1575      | 
-| 2016  |                  7369 | +^ 2012       | 1,819,491.96     | 4,548.73         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -3,326      | -1575      | 
-| 2017  |                  6925 | +^ 2013       | 1,716,231.66     | 4,290.58         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -3,584      | -1575      | 
-| 2018  |                  6946 | +^ 2014       | 1,691,259.57     | 4,228.15         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -3,647      | -1575      | 
-| 2019  |                  6946 | +^ 2015       | 1,369,174.95     | 3,422.94         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -4,452      | -1575      | 
-| 2020  |                  6946 |+^ 2016       | 1,733,301.57     | 4,333.25         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -3,542      | -1575      | 
 +^ 2017       | 2,237,758.38     | 5,594.40         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -2,281      | -1575      | 
 +^ 2018       | 2,161,469.31     | 5,403.67         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -2,471      | -1575      | 
 +^ 2019       | 2,129,006.88     | 5,322.52         | 1,575,000          | 7,875              | 1,575              | -2,552      | -1575      | 
 +^ 2020       | 2,124,257.85     | 5,310.64         |                    |                    |                    |             |            |
  
-<WRAP center round info 100%> +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
-For specific **information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2020**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[General:Recalculations:Start| 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-For the mercury losses from the Chlor-alkali industry, because of the BAT conclusion for the Chlor-alkali industry the production has stopped in 2017. However, emissions of Hg are still ocurring, because two plants are still producing alcoholates and dithionite and were so far reported by CEFIC to OSPAR based on BAT regulation for Chlor-alkali production. Since the OSPAR convention does not request to report the Hg-emissions from dithionite and alcoholate production, CEFIC no longer reports these emissions to OSPAR.  +There are no planned improvements.
-Germany is trying to ensure reporting of Hg emissions for that sources. +
  
-===== Bibliography ===== 
  
-**Lit.  1:** DESTATIS, Fachserie 4, Reihe 3.1, Produzierendes Gewerbe, Produktion im Produzierenden Gewerbe ("manufacturing industry; production in the manufacturing industry") \\  
-**Lit.  2:** Umweltbundesamt, W: Jörß, V. Handke, Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000-2020, 31.12.2006, Annex A, chapter A.2.4.8 \\