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sector:ippu:metal_production:ferroalloys_production:start [2021/02/16 18:45] – [Planned improvements] reichelsector:ippu:metal_production:ferroalloys_production:start [2022/06/24 05:59] (current) – [Method] reichel
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 ===== Short description===== ===== Short description=====
  
-^  Method  ^  AD  ^  EF  ^  Key Category  ^ +^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                        ||||^  EF                              ||||| 
-|  ?       |  ?   |  ?   |  ?             |+| 2.C.2          |  T1                                                                               |||||  IS                                        |||||  CS                              ||||| 
 +^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  Pb  ^  Cd  ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ 
 +| Key Category:  |  -               |  -      |  -               |  -               |  -/-               |  -/-              |  -/-  |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -   |  -     |  -    |  -    |
  
 Source category //Ferroalloys Production// is of minor significance and not a key source. Source category //Ferroalloys Production// is of minor significance and not a key source.
  
-Ferroalloys are  nonferrous metal aggregates that are alloying agents for the steel production. Germany has five producers of ferrochrome, silicon metal and ferrosilicon; these materials are used as alloying agents in stainless-steel production. Activity data can be obtained from the national official statistics for 2001 to 2006 and from the British Geological Survey (BGS) for 1990 to 2007 - with the latter being almost 50% higher. Due to consistency of time series, available data from the BGS are used for the whole period 1990 - 2015. In addition, the only process in use in Germany since 1995 is the electric arc process, a process that releases only small amounts of process-related emissions, with such releases occurring in electrode consumption. Until 1995, the blast-furnace process, which produces relatively higher emissions, was used to some extent.+Ferroalloys are non-ferrous metal aggregates used in steel production. Germany has five producers of ferrochrome, silicon metal and ferrosilicon. These materials are used as alloying agents in stainless-steel production. The only process used in Germany since 1995 is the electric arc process. This process generates only a small amount of process-related emissions (specifically due to electrode consumption). The blast-furnace process, which produces relatively higher emissions, was used to some extent until 1995.
  
 ===== Method ===== ===== Method =====
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 === Activity data === === Activity data ===
  
-An activity rate figure of 57,915 t has been used for the year 2018 (adjusted value of 2017 statistical data), a recalculation will be made when updated statistical data are available in General every two years.+The activity data from the years 1990 to 1994 has been taken from official production statistics of the Federal Statistical Öffice.  Since 1995, the data from the official production statistics is no longer suitable to use in this context. Since then, data from the British Geological Survey (Brown et al., 2019) has been used instead.\\ \\ 
 +The most up-to-date available activity data is from 2019. This data has been carried forward into 2020. An activity rate figure of 53,806 tonnes has been used for the year 2020 (adjusted value of 2019 statistical data), a recalculation will be made when updated statistical data is available. In general, this update happens every two years.
  
 === Emission factors === === Emission factors ===
  
-The emission factor for TSP (0.1 kg/t for the current year and back to 1998) and the splitting factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are determined in a research project (UBA, 2007)<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>. +The emission factor for TSP (0.1 kg/t for the current year and back to 1998) and the splitting factors for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> were determined in a research project (UBA, 2007)<sup>**[[#Bibliography| [Lit. 1]]]**</sup>.  
 +There were higher but decreasing EF for the period 1990 -1997 due to the technology changes.
  
-There were higher but decreasing EF for the period 1990 -1997 due to the technology change. 
- 
-=== Uncertainties === 
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were necessary due to updated activity data for the years 2016 and 2017.+Recalculations were necessary due to updates in the activity data for the last two years.
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].+For more **information on recalculated emission estimates for the Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
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 At the moment, no category specific improvements are planned. At the moment, no category specific improvements are planned.
  
 +\\
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 **Lit.  1:** UBA, 2007: Jörß, Wolfram; Handke, Volker; Lambrecht, Udo and Dünnebeil, Frank (2007): Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000 – 2020. UBA-TEXTE Nr. 38/2007. Dessau-Roßlau: Umweltbundesamt. URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionen-massnahmenanalyse-feinstaub-2000-2020. \\  **Lit.  1:** UBA, 2007: Jörß, Wolfram; Handke, Volker; Lambrecht, Udo and Dünnebeil, Frank (2007): Emissionen und Maßnahmenanalyse Feinstaub 2000 – 2020. UBA-TEXTE Nr. 38/2007. Dessau-Roßlau: Umweltbundesamt. URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/emissionen-massnahmenanalyse-feinstaub-2000-2020. \\ 
  
 +**Lit.  2:** BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, WORLD MINERAL PRODUCTION; https://www2.bgs.ac.uk/mineralsUK/statistics/worldStatistics.html