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2.H.2 - Food & Beverages Industry
Category Code | Method | AD | EF | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2.H.2 | T1 | NS | CS | ||||||||||||
Key Category | SO₂ | NOₓ | NH₃ | NMVOC | CO | BC | Pb | Hg | Cd | Diox | PAH | HCB | TSP | PM₁₀ | PM₂ ₅ |
2.H.2 | - | - | - | -/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | -/- | -/- | -/- |
Emissions occurring in this sector in Germany derive from the following production processes which are analogous to the IPCC category (Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Reference Manual (Volume 3)):
Alcoholic beverages
- Wine
- Beer
- Spirits
Bread and other foods
- Meat, fish and poultry
- Sugar
- Margarine as well as hard and hardened fats
- Cake, cookies and breakfast cereals
- Bread
- Animal feedstuffs
- Coffee roasting
Following pollutants are reported:
- volatile organic compounds (NMVOC),
- particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10 and TSP).
Pursuant to the 1993 Classification of Economic Activities (WZ 93), the food and beverage industry is divided into nine groups and a total of 33 classes. Governmental statistical evaluations are oriented to this classification. The German food industry includes an especially large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs); nearly 80 percent of its companies have fewer than 100 employees, and only 3 per cent have more than 500 employees (BpB, 2002, p.51).
Energy related emissions from the sugar industry are reported under category 1.A.2.e.
Methodology
The Inventory Database (CSE) lists activity rates (produced amounts) and emission factors for the relevant sectors. The activity rates for the various products / product groups, with the exception of that for feedstuffs, were obtained from the Federal Statistical Office 1)/ 2)/ 3)
Activity data
The activity data for feedstuffs were obtained from the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection 4). The production amounts are serve as activity data, see following table:
Activities | Unit | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Animal fat | t | 344,959 | 351,926 | 348,924 | 388,316 | 428,765 | 374,107 | 345,614 | 320,387 | 295,231 |
Animal food | t | 21,044,509 | 21,417,314 | 22,939,376 | 23,388,555 | 24,330,745 | 25,119,395 | 25,702,308 | 26,073,845 | 26,164,384 |
Beer | hl | 89,447,120 | 88,502,520 | 86,504,040 | 87,231,356 | 87,213,397 | 86,775,781 | 84,806,253 | 86,568,243 | 84,603,471 |
Bread production (craft) | t | 915,818 | 989,580 | 956,795 | 965,502 | 984,536 | 988,680 | 990,700 | 989,440 | 998,945 |
Bread production (industrial) | t | 3,726,687 | 4,019,160 | 3,891,692 | 3,926,838 | 4,003,940 | 4,021,314 | 4,029,289 | 4,022,805 | 4,058,202 |
Cake & cookies… | t | 1,549,301 | 1,522,044 | 1,498,048 | 1,526,029 | 1,565,246 | 1,621,125 | 1,645,863 | 1,686,357 | 1,678,133 |
Coffee | t | 539,890 | 544,745 | 554,717 | 531,184 | 512,557 | 542,108 | 550,976 | 550,896 | 571,691 |
Dried fodder | t | 242,000 | 247,000 | 225,000 | 198,000 | 172,000 | 172,000 | 234,000 | 244,000 | 212,000 |
Meat | t | 1,587,154 | 1,522,792 | 1,539,241 | 1,649,626 | 1,656,903 | 1,648,908 | 1,677,863 | 1,677,893 | 1,711,864 |
Other wine and sparkling | hl | 1,353,377 | 1,404,473 | 1,319,362 | 1,148,418 | 1,539,771 | 921,975 | 810,446 | 841,751 | 932,728 |
Red Wine | hl | 3,500,761 | 3,278,551 | 3,019,266 | 3,211,437 | 3,204,384 | 3,144,761 | 2,710,139 | 3,298,572 | 2,858,432 |
Smoked Products | t | 2,319,108 | 2,235,273 | 2,220,686 | 2,210,356 | 2,277,438 | 2,275,074 | 2,230,685 | 2,240,797 | 2,263,469 |
Spirituous beverages | hl | 1,193,796 | 1,206,592 | 1,213,041 | 1,179,724 | 1,206,941 | 1,210,178 | 1,195,702 | 1,227,011 | 1,218,995 |
Sugar | t | 4,415,766 | 4,448,938 | 3,696,200 | 3,999,980 | 3,388,727 | 3,630,006 | 4,238,366 | 4,524,431 | 4,085,532 |
White wine | hl | 5,022,430 | 5,116,221 | 4,748,147 | 5,453,059 | 5,028,205 | 5,305,261 | 4,352,566 | 6,432,728 | 4,787,965 |
Emission factors
For emissions calculations, country-specific emission factors were used where available. EF were evaluated and updated by a national research study 5). Otherwise, the emission factors recommended by IPCC and CORINAIR were used.
All NMVOC emission factors except for beer were perpetuated during the complete time series. The emission factor for beer changed in 2000.
Product | Unit | NMVOC-EF | Source |
---|---|---|---|
Animal Fat | kg/t | 1 | Expert judgement |
Animal Feed | kg/t | 0,1 | Expert judgement |
Beer | kg/hl | 0,002 | Expert judgement |
Bread (artisanry) | kg/t | 3 | Guidebook 2019 (Bouscaren, 1992) |
Bread (industry) | kg/t | 0,3 | Expert judgement |
Cakes & Cookies | kg/t | 0,1 | Expert judgement |
Coffee | kg/t | 0,06885 | Expert judgement |
Meat | kg/t | 0,03 | Guidebook 2019 (Bouscaren, 1992) |
Other Wine/ sparkling Wine | kg/hl | 0,058 | Expert judgement |
Red Wine | kg/hl | 0,08 | IPCC GB 1996 |
Smoked Meat & Fish | kg/t | 0,0023 | Expert judgement |
Spirits | kg/hl | 2,93 | Expert judgement |
Sugar | kg/t | 0,898368 | Expert judgement |
White Wine | kg/hl | 0,035 | IPCC GB 1996 |
Trends in emissions
Emissions of the food and drink industry are reported, in summary form, in the inventory in of the sectoral report for industrial processes. Emissions in detail for the resp. products are presented following Pictures . All trends in emissions correspond to trends of emission factors in table above. No rising trends are to identify.
Recalculations
With activity data and emission factors remaining unrevised, no recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission.
For pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.
Planned improvements
For purposes of updating the EF project has started in 2020, but results are planned not before 2021 6).