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sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2021/02/26 13:16] – gniffke | sector:ippu:pulp_paper_food:pulp_and_paper_industry:start [2022/02/08 08:25] – [Planned improvements] kludt | ||
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==== Sulphate process ==== | ==== Sulphate process ==== | ||
- | The sulphate or kraft process is the world' | + | The sulphate or kraft process is the world' |
This process produces atmospheric emissions in chemical recovery (boilers), in bark combustion, from lime kiln - from the combustion of strong and weak non-condensable gases (NCG) in dedicated burner, in wood-chip storage, in pulp digestion, in pulp washing, in bleaching, in bleach-chemical processing, in evaporation, | This process produces atmospheric emissions in chemical recovery (boilers), in bark combustion, from lime kiln - from the combustion of strong and weak non-condensable gases (NCG) in dedicated burner, in wood-chip storage, in pulp digestion, in pulp washing, in bleaching, in bleach-chemical processing, in evaporation, | ||
- | The two German sulphate-pulping plants are fitted with a system for post-incineration of NCG equipped with wet scrubbers for SOx removal and with systems for NOx-reduced combustion in recovery boilers (>20 % NOx reduction; figures of the German Pulp and Paper Association (VDP, September 2004). | + | The two German sulphate-pulping plants are fitted with a system for post-incineration of NCG equipped with wet scrubbers for SOₓ removal and with systems for NOx-reduced combustion in recovery boilers (>20 % NOₓ reduction; figures of the German Pulp and Paper Association (VDP, September 2004). |
==== Sulphite process ==== | ==== Sulphite process ==== | ||
- | Sulphite pulp is produced in 4 of 6 installations in Germany. In such plants, pulping is based on the use of aqueous sulphur dioxide (SO2) and a base - calcium, sodium, magnesium or ammonium. The sulphate process and the sulphite process have numerous similarities, | + | Sulphite pulp is produced in 4 of 6 installations in Germany. In such plants, pulping is based on the use of aqueous sulphur dioxide (SO₂) and a base - calcium, sodium, magnesium or ammonium. The sulphate process and the sulphite process have numerous similarities, |
Atmospheric emissions occur especially in recovery (boilers) and in bark combustion. | Atmospheric emissions occur especially in recovery (boilers) and in bark combustion. | ||
- | Waste-gas emissions with less-concentrated | + | Waste-gas emissions with less-concentrated |
They consist primarily of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust. A number of measures are available for reducing consumption of fresh steam and electrical energy and for increasing plant-internal generation of steam and electricity. Sulphite pulp mills can generate their own heat and electricity by using the thermal energy in concentrated liquor, bark and waste wood. Integrated plants require additional amounts of steam and electricity, | They consist primarily of sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and dust. A number of measures are available for reducing consumption of fresh steam and electrical energy and for increasing plant-internal generation of steam and electricity. Sulphite pulp mills can generate their own heat and electricity by using the thermal energy in concentrated liquor, bark and waste wood. Integrated plants require additional amounts of steam and electricity, | ||
- | All four sulphite pulping plants in Germany are operated with multistage | + | All four sulphite pulping plants in Germany are operated with multistage |
==== Mechanical pulp ==== | ==== Mechanical pulp ==== | ||
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==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called performance report. | + | The figures are available from the base year 1990 onwards and are collected annually by the Association of German Paper Mills compiled in a so-called performance report |
==== Emissions factors ==== | ==== Emissions factors ==== | ||
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__Table 1: Overview of applied emission factors, in kg/t__ | __Table 1: Overview of applied emission factors, in kg/t__ | ||
+ | ^ pollutant | ||
+ | | NOₓ | sulphat pulp | ||
+ | | NOₓ | sulphit pulp | ||
+ | | NMVOC | sulphat pulp | ||
+ | | SO₂ | sulphat pulp | ||
+ | | SO₂ | sulphit pulp | ||
- | + | A range of measures in sulphite pulp production, carried out on a continual basis, led to reductions of SO₂ emissions. | |
- | A range of measures in sulphite pulp production, carried out on a continual basis, led to reductions of SO2 emissions. | + | EF of NMVOC is confidential since the AD of sulphat pulp is confidential. |
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Recalculations were necessary due to revised AD resulting in higher emissions amounts reported for 2017. | + | Due to updates of most recently activity data very small recalculations have been carried out compared to last year's submission. |
- | For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2017, please see the pollutant-specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations. | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | For pollutant-specific | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | At the moment, | + | At the moment, |