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sector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2021/12/23 08:38] – [Emission factors] doering | sector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2023/05/04 06:09] – [Emission factors] kotzulla | ||
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β = burning efficiency (fraction burnt) of the above-ground biomass. | β = burning efficiency (fraction burnt) of the above-ground biomass. | ||
- | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021)((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), | + | The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021)((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), |
* German National Forest Inventorys of 1987, 2002, 2012 (Bundeswaldinventuren 1987, 2002, 2012), | * German National Forest Inventorys of 1987, 2002, 2012 (Bundeswaldinventuren 1987, 2002, 2012), | ||
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- | | + | |
Pursuant to König (2007) ((König, H.-C., 2007. Waldbrandschutz - Kompendium für Forst und Feuerwehr. 1. Fachverlag Matthias Grimm, Berlin, 197 S.)), 80% of the forest fires in Germany are surface fires and 20% crown fires. In accordance to the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF (2003) a burning efficiency of 0.15 was used for surface fires and an efficiency of 0.45 was used for crown fires. | Pursuant to König (2007) ((König, H.-C., 2007. Waldbrandschutz - Kompendium für Forst und Feuerwehr. 1. Fachverlag Matthias Grimm, Berlin, 197 S.)), 80% of the forest fires in Germany are surface fires and 20% crown fires. In accordance to the IPCC Good Practice Guidance for LULUCF (2003) a burning efficiency of 0.15 was used for surface fires and an efficiency of 0.45 was used for crown fires. | ||
- | The emissions for the pollutants were calculated by multiplying the mass of carbon with the respective emission factors from table 3-3 (EMEP/EEA, 2019)((EMEP/ | + | The emissions for the pollutants were calculated by multiplying the mass of carbon with the respective emission factors from table 3-3 (EMEP/EEA, 2019)((EMEP/ |
For the calculation of particulate emissions (TSP, PM< | For the calculation of particulate emissions (TSP, PM< | ||
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- | ^ ^ 1990 ^ 1991 ^ 1992 ^ 1993 ^ 1994 ^ 1995 ^ 1996 ^ 1997 ^ 1998 ^ 1999 ^ 2000 ^ | + | ^ 1990 ^ 1991 ^ 1992 ^ 1993 ^ 1994 ^ 1995 ^ 1996 ^ 1997 ^ 1998 ^ 1999 ^ 2000 ^ |
- | | Area of forest burnt | + | | 1606 | 920 | 4908 | 1493 | 1114 | 592 | 1381 | 599 | 397 | 415 | 581 | |
+ | ^ 2001 ^ 2002 ^ 2003 ^ 2004 ^ 2005 ^ 2006 ^ 2007 ^ 2008 ^ 2009 ^ 2010 ^ 2011 ^ | ||
+ | | 122 | 122 | 1315 | 274 | 183 | 482 | 256 | 539 | 757 | 522 | 214 | | ||
+ | ^ 2012 ^ 2013 ^ 2014 ^ 2015 ^ 2016 ^ 2017 ^ 2018 ^ 2019 ^ 2020 ^ | ||
+ | | 269 | 199 | 120 | 526 | 283 | 395 | 2349 | 2711 | | ||
- | ^ | + | ==== Emission factors ==== |
- | | Area of forest burnt | 122 | 122 | 1315 | 274 | 183 | 482 | 256 | 539 | 757 | 522 | 214 | | + | |
+ | For the year 2020 the following estimated emission factors were applied: | ||
- | ^ | + | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2020, in [kg/ha forest area burnt]__ |
- | | Area of forest burnt | + | ^ ^ |
+ | | NO< | ||
+ | | CO | 4, | ||
+ | | NMVOC | ||
+ | | SO< | ||
+ | | NH< | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR | ||
+ | 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO< | ||
+ | The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, | ||
- | ==== Emission factors ==== | + | The product M< |
+ | <WRAP center round info 60%> | ||
+ | * M< | ||
- | For the year 2020 the estimated emission factors from table 2 were applied. | + | |
- | + | </WRAP> | |
- | __Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2020__ | + | |
- | ^ Pollutant | + | |
- | | NO< | + | |
- | | CO | | + | |
- | | NMVOC | + | |
- | | SO< | + | |
- | | NH< | + | |
- | | TSP | + | |
- | | PM< | + | |
- | | PM<sub>2.5</ | + | |
- | | BC | 34.01 | | + | |
- | + | ||
- | In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR | + | |
- | 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO< | + | |
- | + | ||
- | The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, | + | |
- | )). | + | |
- | The product MB×Cf is set to 336 t dm ha-1 according to Table 2.6 and formula 2.7 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b): 2013 Supplement to the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: | + | |
- | For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)< | + | For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)< |