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sector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2022/09/22 08:51] – Fix text tarakjisector:natural_sources:forest_fires:start [2024/11/06 13:47] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 β = burning efficiency (fraction burnt) of the above-ground biomass. β = burning efficiency (fraction burnt) of the above-ground biomass.
  
-The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021)((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), (2021, 28. Juni), 2020: Waldbrandstatistik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für das Jahr 2020, Bonn: 21 p. Retrieved July 2021, https://www.ble.de/DE/BZL/Daten-Berichte/Wald/wald_node.html)) managed by the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. The mean above-ground biomass was derived for each year by linear extrapolation and interpolation between the+The data on forest areas burnt for the period 1990 to 2020 have been taken from the German forest fire statistic (BLE, 2021)((BLE (Bundesanstalt für Landwirtschaft und Ernährung), (2021, 28. Juni), 2021: Waldbrandstatistik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland für das Jahr 2020, Bonn: 21 p. Retrieved July 2021, https://www.ble.de/DE/BZL/Daten-Berichte/Wald/wald_node.html)) managed by the Federal Agency for Agriculture and Food. The mean above-ground biomass was derived for each year by linear extrapolation and interpolation between the
  
      * German National Forest Inventorys of 1987, 2002, 2012 (Bundeswaldinventuren 1987, 2002, 2012),       * German National Forest Inventorys of 1987, 2002, 2012 (Bundeswaldinventuren 1987, 2002, 2012), 
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-^                       ^  1990  ^  1991  ^  1992  ^  1993  ^  1994  ^  1995  ^  1996  ^  1997  ^  1998  ^  1999  ^  2000  ^ +^  1990   ^  1991  ^  1992   ^  1993   ^  1994   ^  1995  ^  1996   ^  1997  ^  1998   ^  1999   ^ 
-| Area of forest burnt  |   1606 |    920 |   4908 |   1493 |   1114 |    592 |   1381 |    599 |    397 |    415 |    581 | +|  1,606  |  920   |  4,908  |  1,493  |  1,114  |  592   |  1,381  |  599   |  397    |  415    | 
- +^  2000   ^  2001  ^  2002   ^  2003   ^  2004   ^  2005  ^  2006   ^  2007  ^  2008   ^  2009   ^ 
- +|  581    |  122   |  122    |  1,315  |  274    |  183   |  482    |  256   |  539    |  757    | 
- +^  2010   ^  2011  ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015  ^  2016   ^  2017  ^  2018   ^  2019   ^ 
-^                       ^  2001  ^  2002  ^  2003  ^  2004  ^  2005  ^  2006  ^  2007  ^  2008  ^  2009  ^  2010  ^  2011  ^ +|  522    |  214   |  269    |  199    |  120    |  526   |  283    |  395   |  2,349  |  2,711  | 
-| Area of forest burnt  |    122 |    122 |   1315 |    274 |    183 |    482 |    256 |    539 |    757 |    522 |    214 | +^  2020   |        |         |         |         |        |         |        |         |         | 
- +|  368    |        |         |         |         |        |         |        |         |         |
- +
-^                       ^  2012  ^  2013  ^  2014  ^  2015  ^  2016  ^  2017  ^  2018  ^  2019  ^ 2020  ^      +
-| Area of forest burnt  |    269 |    199 |    120 |    526 |    283 |    395 |   2349 |   2711 |   368 |+
  
  
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 ==== Emission factors ==== ==== Emission factors ====
  
 +For the year 2020 the following estimated emission factors were applied:
  
-For the year 2020 the estimated emission factors from table 2 were applied. +__Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2020, in [kg/ha forest area burnt]__ 
- +^                    ^  EF<sub>2020</sub>  ^ 
-__Table 2: Emission factors applied for 2020__ +|  NO<sub>x</sub>    |  125.96             | 
-^  Pollutant        ^  EF<sub>2020</sub> \\ [kg/ha forest area burnt]  ^ +|  CO                |  4,492.47           | 
-| NO<sub>x</sub>    |                                           125.96 | +|  NMVOC             |  396.8              | 
-| CO                |                                         4,492.47 | +|  SO<sub>x</sub>    |  30.23              | 
-| NMVOC             |                                            396.8 | +|  NH<sub>3</sub>    |  34.01              | 
-| SO<sub>x</sub>    |                                            30.23 | +|  TSP               |  713.76             | 
-| NH<sub>3</sub>    |                                            34.01 | +|  PM<sub>10</sub>   |  461.84             | 
-| TSP               |                                           713.76 | +|  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |  377.87             | 
-| PM<sub>10</sub>   |                                           461.84 | +|  BC                |  34.01              |
-| PM<sub>2.5</sub>  |                                           377.87 | +
-| BC                |                                            34.01 |+
  
 In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR In addition, a large-scale fire, which occurred in September 2018, is reported under 11.B. A detailed description can be found in the NIR
 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were released. 2020 in Chapter 6.8.2.5 ((NIR (2020): National Inventory Report 2020 for the German Greenhouse Gas Inventory 1990-2018. Available in April 2020)), because a large amount of CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were released.
  
-The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services of the German Armed Forces. The emissions are calculated according to IPCC GL (2006), chapter 2, form 2.27 ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2006): 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Eds.: Eggleston S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K. (Eds). IEA/OECD, IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Technical Support Unit, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. <http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html> +The burned area of the drained moor, which is used as a military facility, covered 1,221 ha. This fire was extensively investigated and documented by the Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services of the German Armed Forces. The emissions are calculated according to IPCC GL (2006), chapter 2, form 2.27 ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2006): 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 4: Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use. Eds.: Eggleston S., Buendia L., Miwa K., Ngara T., Tanabe K. (Eds). IEA/OECD, IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Programme, Technical Support Unit, Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/index.html)). 
-)).+ 
 +The product M<sub>B</sub> × C<sub>f</sub> is set to 336 t d.m. ha<sup>-1</sup> according to Table 2.6 and equation 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b): 2013 Supplement to the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G.(eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html)), i.e. it is assumed that the moor was completely drained during the fire. 
 + 
 +<WRAP center round info 60%> 
 +  * M<sub>B</sub> = mass of fuel available for combustion, tonnes ha-1 (i.e. mass of dry organic soil fuel)
  
-The product MB×Cf is set to 336 t dm ha-1 according to Table 2.6 and formula 2.7 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement ((IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b): 2013 Supplement to the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories: Wetlands. Hiraishi, T., Krug, T., Tanabe, K., Srivastava, N., Baasansuren, J., Fukuda, M. and Troxler, T.G.(eds). Published: IPCC, Switzerland <http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/public/wetlands/index.html>)), i.e. it is assumed that the moor was completely drained during the fire.+  * C<sub>f</sub> = combustion factor, dimensionless 
 +</WRAP>
  
-For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)<sup>-1</sup>, is taken into account. This results in 85 kt CO. For other emissions from land fires on drained organic soils no Tier-1 emission factors exist and are therefore not reported (NO).+For the calculation of CO emissions the EF according to Table 2.7, 2013 IPCC Wetlands Supplement 207 g (kg dm)<sup>-1</sup>, is taken into account resulting in 85 kt of CO.