1.A.5.b - Other, Mobile (including Military)

In sub-category 1.A.5.b - Other, Mobile (including Military) emissions from landbased, air- and waterborne military vehicles are reported.

Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) ¹⁾. As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used:

Military land-based vehicles and aviation:

For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), prepared by the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), are used ²⁾. Provided in units of [1000 t], these amounts have to be converted into [TJ] on the basis of the relevant net calorific values given by ³⁾.

As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany's official annual biofuel shares to the named total deliveries (see also: info on EF).

As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from BAFA is applied for the entire time series.

Military navigation:

Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: 'International Deep-Sea Bunkers' and 64: 'Coastal and inland navigation' but cannot be derived directly. Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities ⁴⁾.

Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b

Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules

source: (BAFA, 2021) ⁷⁾: Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: “an das Militär” (“to the military”) and own estimates for blended biofuels

Table 3: Further break-down of annual military fuel consumption, in terajoules

source: (BAFA, 2021): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Table 7j: “an das Militär” (“to the military”); Deichnik, 2020 (for fuel consumption in military navigation) and own estimates for blended biofuels

As the “consumption data” provided here originally represents fuel delivery data, some trends in “annual consumption” are influenced by stock-keeping activities. Here, a clear impact of storage effects can be observed for avgas, where a significantly high amount of 15 TJ was purchased in 2007 followed by zero or very small deliveries.

Furthermore, based upon expert information, no biodiesel or heavy fuel oil is used in national military navigation.

Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis

Here, due to the tier1 emission factors applied, annual emissions strongly correspond with activity data, therefore showing strong decline after 1990 and an ongoing downward trend.

Furthermore, this NFR category shows interesting trends for emissions of Lead (Pb) from leaded gasoline (until 1997) and aviation gasoline:

Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. As for avgas, the trend of consumption is more or less drecreasing steadily until 2005 but then shows a strong increase for 2006 and '07 (!), followed by no or very small deliveries. As mentioned above, there are no real consumption data available: AD is based on fuel deliveries to the military only. Thus, especially the trends for the use of aviation gasoline and the resulting emissions show this siginificant jumps in 2006 and 07. The party is aware of this issue and will try to solve it as soon as data allows. (see also: FAQ)

The trend for TSP emissions reflects the impact of leaded gasoline at least for 1990 to 1997. For all other years, particulate matter emissions simply follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption.

Regarding sulphur dioxide, emssions not only reflect the trend of fuel consumption but also the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation.

For all other reported pollutants, due to the application of tier1 emission factors, emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries.

All recalculations result from the revision of underlying activity data.

Here, the TJ-amounts of gasoline were re-estimated based on corrected annual NCVs for recent years and the consumption of heavy-fuel oil in military navigation has been taken into account for the first time.

Table 4: Revised over-all activity data, in terajoules

For information on revised or newly implemented emission factors, please refer to the three sub-chapters linked above.

Uncertainty estimates for activity data of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: “Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland” by Knörr et al. (2009) ⁸⁾.

Uncertainty estimates for emission factors were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published.

With respect to NFR 1.A.5.b as such, no overarching improvements are planned. For further information on possible sub-sector specific improvements, please follow the links above.