meta data for this page
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
Both sides previous revisionPrevious revisionNext revision | Previous revisionNext revisionBoth sides next revision | ||
sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport [2021/04/07 19:16] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:other_including_military:military_transport [2022/03/22 09:53] – kotzulla | ||
---|---|---|---|
Line 12: | Line 12: | ||
| 1.A.5.b iii | [[sector: | | 1.A.5.b iii | [[sector: | ||
- | ^ | + | ^ |
- | | 1.A.5.b | + | | Key Category: |
- | > For further information on sub-sector specific consumption data, emission factors and emissions as well as further information on emission trends, recalculations and planned improvements, | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> |
+ | For further information on sub-sector specific consumption data, emission factors and emissions as well as further information on emission trends, recalculations and planned improvements, | ||
+ | </ | ||
===== Methodology ===== | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
Line 22: | Line 25: | ||
==== Activity data ==== | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
- | Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) (AGEB, 2019) [((bibcite 1))]. | + | Basically, all fuel deliveries to the military are included in the primary fuel delivery data provided by the National Energy Balances (NEB) [(AGEB2021)]. |
As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used: | As the NEB does not provide specific data for military use, the following additional sources are used: | ||
**Military land-based vehicles and aviation**: | **Military land-based vehicles and aviation**: | ||
- | For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), | + | For the years as of 1995, the official mineral-oil data of the Federal Republic of Germany (Amtliche Mineralöldaten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland), |
As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany' | As the official mineral-oil data does not distinguish into fossil and biofuels but does provide amounts for inland deliveries of total diesel and gasoline fuels, no data on the consumption of biodiesel and bioethanol is available directly at the moment. Therefore, activity data for biofuels used in military vehicles are calculated by applying Germany' | ||
- | As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from [((bibcite 2))] is used. | + | As there is no consistent NEB data availabe for aviation gasoline, delivery data from BAFA is applied for the entire time series. |
**Military navigation**: | **Military navigation**: | ||
Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: ' | Primarilly, fuel deliveries to military navigation is included in the NEB data provided in NEB lines 6: ' | ||
- | Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities | + | Therefore, starting with this submission, fuel use in military navigation is estimated within a specific model used for estimating emissions from German maritime activities [(Deichnik2021)]. |
__Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__ | __Table 1: Sources for consumption data in 1.A.5.b__ | ||
- | ^ Mode of Military Transport | + | ^ Mode of Military Transport |
- | | **Military ground vehicles and mobile machinery, military aviation** | + | | **Military ground vehicles and mobile machinery, military aviation** |
- | | ::: | ::: | Official oil data, table 7j, column: 'An das Militär', | + | | ::: |
- | | **Military Navigation** | + | | **Military Navigation** |
__Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules__ | __Table 2: Annual over-all fuel consumption in military vehicles and mobile equipment, in terajoules__ | ||
- | | | + | | ^ |
- | ^ **Diesel Oil** | 16.020 | 8.666 | 1.927 | 3.616 | 2.084 | 2.030 | | + | ^ DIESEL OIL |
- | ^ **Gasoline** | + | ^ GASOLINE |
- | ^ **Biodiesel** | + | ^ BIODIESEL |
- | ^ **Biogasoline** | + | ^ BIOGASOLINE |
- | ^ **Jet Kerosene** | + | ^ JET KEROSENE |
- | ^ **Aviation Gasoline** | + | ^ AVGAS | 15,2 | 6,35 | 1,09 | 0,26 | 2,48 | 14,8 | 0,00 | 0,04 | |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b** | + | ^ HEAVY FUEL OIL | 152 | 104 | 90,4 | 67,4 | 63,4 | 61,0 | 60,5 | 59,0 | 59,0 | 56,5 | 54,0 | 43,9 | 60,5 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | |
- | source: (BAFA, | + | | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b** |
+ | source: (BAFA, 2021) [(BAFA2021)]: | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 2: Further break-down of annual military fuel consumption, | ||
+ | ^ | ||
+ | | **used in military ground vehicles and machinery** | ||
+ | ^ Diesel Oil | 15,037 | 8,001 | 1,364 | 3,206 | 1,701 | 1,664 | 1,139 | 990 | 977 | 620 | 966 | 680 | 683 | 580 | 577 | 415 | 279 | 281 | 133 | | ||
+ | ^ Biodiesel | ||
+ | ^ Gasoline | ||
+ | ^ Biogasoline | ||
+ | | **used in military aircraft** | ||
+ | ^ Jet Kerosene | ||
+ | ^ Aviation Gasoline | ||
+ | | **used in military navigation** | ||
+ | ^ Diesel Oil | 380 | 263 | 228 | 171 | 161 | 155 | 154 | 150 | 150 | 144 | 138 | 111 | 104 | 154 | 141 | 156 | 133 | 164 | 195 | | ||
+ | ^ Heavy Fuel Oil | 152 | 104 | 90 | 67 | 63 | 61 | 61 | 59 | 59 | 56 | 54 | 44 | 61 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | ||
+ | | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b** | ||
+ | ^ all types of fuels applied | ||
+ | source: (BAFA, | ||
As the " | As the " | ||
Here, a clear impact of storage effects can be observed for avgas, where a significantly high amount of 15 TJ was purchased in 2007 followed by zero or very small deliveries. | Here, a clear impact of storage effects can be observed for avgas, where a significantly high amount of 15 TJ was purchased in 2007 followed by zero or very small deliveries. | ||
- | In addition, based upon the information available | + | {{: |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | Furthermore, |
- | : 1A5b_AD.PNG | + | |
- | : 1A5b_AD_bio.png | + | |
- | : 1A5b_AD_AvGas.PNG | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | + | ||
- | __Table 3: Further break-down of annual military | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | **used in military ground vehicles and machinery** | + | |
- | ^ Diesel Oil | | + | |
- | ^ Biodiesel | + | |
- | ^ Gasoline | + | |
- | ^ Biogasoline | + | |
- | | **used in military aircraft** | + | |
- | ^ Jet Kerosene | + | |
- | ^ Aviation Gasoline | + | |
- | | **used in military navigation** | + | |
- | ^ Diesel Oil | 983 | 665 | 563 | 410 | 383 | 366 | 360 | 349 | 347 | 330 | 313 | 302 | 332 | 273 | 359 | 489 | 436 | 558 | | + | |
- | | | + | |
- | | **Ʃ 1.A.5.b** | + | |
- | + | ||
- | source: (BAFA, 2020): Amtliche Mineralöldaten für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, | + | |
==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
Line 92: | Line 94: | ||
===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
- | > | + | __Table: Outcome of Key Category Analysis__ |
+ | | for: ^ NO<sub>x</ | ||
+ | | by: | Trend | | ||
- | Nonetheless, this NFR category shows interesting trends for emissions of **Lead (Pb)** from leaded gasoline (until 1997) and aviation gasoline: | + | |
+ | Here, due to the tier1 emission factors applied, annual emissions strongly correspond with activity data, therefore showing strong decline after 1990 and an ongoing downward trend. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | Furthermore, this NFR category shows interesting trends for emissions of **Lead (Pb)** from leaded gasoline (until 1997) and aviation gasoline: | ||
Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. | Until 1997, lead emissions were dominated by the combustion of leaded gasoline in military ground-based vehicles. Therefore, the over-all trend for lead emissions from military vehicles and aircraft is driven mostly by the abolition of leaded gasoline in 1997. Towards this date, the amount of leaded gasoline decreased significantly. After 1997, the only source for lead from mobile fuel combustion is avgas used in military aircraft. | ||
As for avgas, the trend of consumption is more or less drecreasing steadily until 2005 but then shows a strong increase for 2006 and '07 (!), followed by no or very small deliveries. As mentioned above, there are no real consumption data available: AD is based on fuel deliveries to the military only. Thus, especially the trends for the use of aviation gasoline and the resulting emissions show this siginificant jumps in 2006 and 07. The party is aware of this issue and will try to solve it as soon as data allows. (see also: FAQ) | As for avgas, the trend of consumption is more or less drecreasing steadily until 2005 but then shows a strong increase for 2006 and '07 (!), followed by no or very small deliveries. As mentioned above, there are no real consumption data available: AD is based on fuel deliveries to the military only. Thus, especially the trends for the use of aviation gasoline and the resulting emissions show this siginificant jumps in 2006 and 07. The party is aware of this issue and will try to solve it as soon as data allows. (see also: FAQ) | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A5b_EM_Pb.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
The trend for **TSP** emissions reflects the impact of leaded gasoline at least for 1990 to 1997. For all other years, **particulate matter** emissions simply follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. | The trend for **TSP** emissions reflects the impact of leaded gasoline at least for 1990 to 1997. For all other years, **particulate matter** emissions simply follow the trend in over-all fuel consumption. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A5b_EM_PM.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
Regarding **sulphur dioxide**, emssions not only reflect the trend of fuel consumption but also the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation. | Regarding **sulphur dioxide**, emssions not only reflect the trend of fuel consumption but also the impact of fuel-sulphur legislation. | ||
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{ :sector: |
- | : 1A5b_EM_SO2.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
For all other reported pollutants, due to the application of tier1 emission factors, emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries. | For all other reported pollutants, due to the application of tier1 emission factors, emission trends reported for this sub-category only reflect the trend in fuel deliveries. | ||
- | |||
- | [[gallery size=" | ||
- | : 1A5b_EM_NOx.png | ||
- | [[/ | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
- | Basically, all recalculations result from the implementation | + | All recalculations result from the revision |
- | **Activity data**: | + | Here, the TJ-amounts of gasoline were re-estimated based on corrected annual NCVs for recent years and the consumption of heavy-fuel |
- | Furthermore, | + | for the first time. |
__Table 4: Revised over-all activity data, in terajoules__ | __Table 4: Revised over-all activity data, in terajoules__ | ||
- | | | + | | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | ^ current submission |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ previous submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
For information on revised or newly implemented **emission factors**, please refer to the three sub-chapters linked above. | For information on revised or newly implemented **emission factors**, please refer to the three sub-chapters linked above. | ||
- | <WRAP center round info 100%> | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
- | For specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following chapter [[General: |
</ | </ | ||
===== Uncertainties ===== | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " | + | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " |
Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | ||
Line 148: | Line 148: | ||
===== Planned improvements ===== | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
- | > For further information on sub-sector specific | + | With respect to NFR 1.A.5.b as such, no overarching improvements are planned. |
- | ------ | + | [(AGEB2021> |
+ | [(BAFA2021> | ||
+ | URL: https:// | ||
+ | [(Deichnik2021> | ||
+ | [(Knoerr2009> | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | ||
- | : 1 : AGEB, 2019: Working Group on Energy Balances (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Energiebilanzen (Hrsg.), AGEB): Energiebilanz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland; | ||
- | : 2 : BAFA, 2019: Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, | ||
- | URL: https:// | ||
- | : 3 : BSH, 2019: Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrographie, | ||
- | : 4 : Knörr et al. (2009): Knörr, W., Heldstab, J., & Kasser, F.: Ermittlung der Unsicherheiten der mit den Modellen TREMOD und TREMOD-MM berechneten Luftschadstoffemissionen des landgebundenen Verkehrs in Deutschland; | ||
- | : 5 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, Copenhagen, 2019 | ||
- | [[/ |