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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2021/01/17 18:36] – created kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:mobile_small_combustion:commercial_and_institutional [2022/03/22 12:09] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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====== 1.A.4.a ii - Commercial / Institutional: | ====== 1.A.4.a ii - Commercial / Institutional: | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Short description ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | In //NFR 1.A.4.a ii - Commercial/ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ Method | ||
+ | | T1, T2 | NS, M | CS, D, M | //no key category// | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Methodology ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Activity data ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Sector-specific **diesel** consumption data are included in the primary fuel-delivery data available from NEB line 67: ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 1: Sources for primary fuel-deliveries data__ | ||
+ | || through 1994 || NEB line 79: ' | ||
+ | || as of 1995 || NEB line 67: ' | ||
+ | |||
+ | Following the deduction of diesel oil inputs for military vehicles as provided in (BAFA, 2021) [(BAFA2021)], | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 2: Annual contribution of NFR 1.A.4.a ii to the over-all amounts of diesel oil provided in NEB line 67__ | ||
+ | ^ 1990 | ||
+ | | 7.01% | 6.65% | 6.99% | 7.18% | 6.86% | 6.80% | 6.59% | 6.52% | 6.52% | 6.36% | 6.21% | 5.96% | 5.82% | 5.73% | 5.83% | 5.78% | 5.68% | 5.59% | 5.45% | | ||
+ | source: TREMOD MM [(KNOERR2021b)] | ||
+ | |||
+ | As the NEB does not distinguish into specific biofuels, consumption data for biodiesel are calculated by applying Germany' | ||
+ | |||
+ | In contrast, for **LPG**-driven forklifters, | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 3: Annual fuel consumption, | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ^ Diesel Oil | 7,847 | 6,508 | 6,646 | 5,894 | 5,691 | 5,658 | 5,583 | 5,842 | 5,773 | 5,770 | 5,533 | 5,524 | 5,629 | 5,810 | 6,145 | 6,257 | 5,749 | 5,736 | 5,694 | | ||
+ | ^ Biodiesel | ||
+ | ^ LPG | ||
+ | | **Ʃ 1.A.4.a ii** ^ 10,634 ^ 9,958 ^ 10,907 ^ 10,803 ^ 10,883 ^ 10,942 ^ 10,719 ^ 10,929 ^ 10,844 ^ 10,729 ^ 10,407 ^ 10,261 ^ 10,307 ^ 10,383 ^ 10,807 ^ 10,892 ^ 10,346 ^ 10,276 ^ 10,306 ^ | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | The emission factors used here are of rather different quality: | ||
+ | Basically, for all **main pollutants**, | ||
+ | |||
+ | As no such specific EF are available for biofuels, the values used for diesel oil are applied to biodiesel, too. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 4: Annual country-specific emission factors from TREMOD MM, in kg/TJ__ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | | **Diesel fuels**< | ||
+ | ^ NH< | ||
+ | ^ NMVOC | ||
+ | ^ NO< | ||
+ | ^ SO< | ||
+ | ^ BC< | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ CO | 856 | 796 | 725 | 560 | 530 | 502 | 476 | 451 | 429 | 407 | 387 | 368 | 351 | 338 | 329 | 322 | 318 | 313 | 307 | | ||
+ | | **LPG** | ||
+ | ^ NH< | ||
+ | ^ NMVOC | ||
+ | ^ NO< | ||
+ | ^ SO< | ||
+ | ^ BC< | ||
+ | ^ PM< | ||
+ | ^ CO | 114 | 114 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | 112 | | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | < | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | With respect to the emission factors applied for particulate matter, given the circumstances during test-bench measurements, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 100%> | ||
+ | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Discussion of emission trends ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | > **NFR 1.A.4.a ii** is no key source. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Unregulated pollutants ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | |||
+ | For all unregulated pollutants, emission trends directly follow the trend in fuel consumption. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==== Regulated pollutants ==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Nitrogen oxides and Sulphur dioxide== | ||
+ | |||
+ | For all regulated pollutants, emission trends follow not only the trend in fuel consumption but also reflect the impact of fuel-quality and exhaust-emission legislation. | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ====Particulate matter & Black carbon==== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Over-all PM emissions are by far dominated by emissions from diesel oil combustion with the falling trend basically following the decline in fuel consumption between 2000 and 2005. | ||
+ | Nonetheless, | ||
+ | |||
+ | Additional contributors such as the impact of TSP emissions from the use of leaded gasoline (until 1997) have no significant effect onto over-all emission estimates. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Here, as the EF(BC) are estimated via fractions provided in the 2019 EMEP Guidebook [(EMEPEEA2019)], | ||
+ | |||
+ | {{ : | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **Activity data** hase been revised according to the now finalized National Energy Balance 2019. | ||
+ | |||
+ | __Table 5: Revised activity data 2019, in terajoules__ | ||
+ | | | ||
+ | ^ current submission | ||
+ | ^ prvious submission | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | |||
+ | <WRAP center round info 65%> | ||
+ | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: | ||
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Uncertainty estimates for **activity data** of mobile sources derive from research project FKZ 360 16 023: " | ||
+ | |||
+ | Uncertainty estimates for **emission factors** were compiled during the PAREST research project. Here, the final report has not yet been published. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Planned improvements ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | Besides the annual **routine revision** of **TREMOD MM**, no specific improvements are planned. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== FAQs ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | **//Why are similar EF applied for estimating exhaust heavy metal emissions from both fossil and biofuels?// | ||
+ | |||
+ | The EF provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)] represent summatory values for (i) the fuel's and (ii) the lubricant' | ||
+ | |||
+ | [(AGEB2021> | ||
+ | [(BAFA2020> | ||
+ | URL: https:// | ||
+ | [(KNOERR2021b> | ||
+ | [(EMEPEEA2019> | ||
+ | [(KNOERR2009> |