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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2021/01/15 15:23] – created kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion:commercial_institutional [2022/03/22 12:09] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla
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 ====== 1.A.4.a i - Commercial and Institutional: Stationary Combustion ====== ====== 1.A.4.a i - Commercial and Institutional: Stationary Combustion ======
  
-+ __Short description__+===== Short description ===== 
 + 
 +{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:workshop.png?nolink&00}}
  
-[[f>image Werkstatt.png size="medium"]] 
  
 The source category //1.A.4.a.i - Commercial and Institutional: Stationary Combustion// emissions from commercial and institutional combustion installations are reported. The source category //1.A.4.a.i - Commercial and Institutional: Stationary Combustion// emissions from commercial and institutional combustion installations are reported.
  
-||~ NFR-Code||~ Name of Category ||~ Method ||~ AD ||~ EF ||~ Key Category ^^1^^|| +^ Category Code  ^  Method                                                                           ||||^  AD                                           ||||^  EF                                  ||||| 
-||= 1.A.4.a i ||=  Commercial and Institutional: Stationary Combustion ||= T2, T3 ||= NS ||= CS ||= **L & T**: NMVOC, CO, Pb, PCDD/F, TSP | **L**:  PAH, PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,, | **T**: SO,,x,, || +| 1.A.4.a.i      |  T2, T3                                                                           |||||  NS                                           |||||  CS, D                               ||||| 
-[[collapsible show="+ Show Legend" hide="- Hide Legend"]] +^                ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC   ^  CO   ^  PB   ^  Cd     ^  Hg   ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ 
-[[include emission-trends-all-legend]] +| Key Category:  |  -/-             |  L/T    |  -/-             |  -/-             |  L/T               |  L/T              |  L/T  |  -/-  |  L/T  |  L/-  |  -/-    |  -/-  |  L/-   |  L/-  |  -/-  |
-[[/collapsible]]+
  
 +{{page>general:Misc:LegendEIT:start}}
  
-+ __Method__+===== Methodology =====
  
-For **activity data** and **emission factors** see  [[[1-a-4-stationary-combustion | 1.A.4. - Other: Stationary Combustion ]]].+==== Activity data ==== 
 + 
 +For further information on activity data please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinte chapter]] on small stationary combustion. 
 + 
 +==== Emission factors ==== 
 + 
 +For further information on the emission factors applied please refer to the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:stationary_small_combustion |superordinte chapter]] on small stationary combustion.
  
 __Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__ __Table 1: Emission factors for commercial and institutional combustion installations__
-||= **Pollutant** ||~ NO,,x,, ||~ SO,,x,, ||~ CO ||~ NMVOC ||~ TSP ||~ PM,,10,, ||~ PM,,2.5,, ||~ PAH ||~ PCDD/F || +^ Pollutant          ^  NOx      ^  SOx   ^  CO    ^  NMVOC  ^  TSP  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PAH     ^  PCDD/F   ^ 
-||=  **Fuel** ||||||||||||||= [kg/TJ] ||= [mg/TJ] ||= [µg/TJ] || +^ Fuel               ^  [kg/TJ]                                                                         ||||||^  Fuel    ^  [kg/TJ]  ^ 
-||~ Hard Coal ||> 89.8 ||> 331.7 ||> 2,162 ||> 30.3 ||> 18.5 ||> 17.6 ||> 15.7 ||> 60,000 ||> 16.3 || +^ Hard Coal          |      89.8 |  331.7 |  2,162 |    30.3 |  18.5 |              17.6 |               15.7 |   19,215 |      16.3 | 
-||~ Residual Wood ||> 92.7 ||> 8.2 ||> 931.5 ||> 66.8 ||> 46.5 ||> 44.6 ||> 40.0 ||> 430,000 ||> 355.3 || +^ Residual Wood      |      92.7 |    8.2 |  931.5 |    66.8 |  46.5 |              44.6 |               40.0 |  144,957 |     355.3 | 
-||~ Light Heating Oil ||> 43.7 ||> 3.3 ||> 11.9 ||> 2.3 ||> 1.0 ||> 1.0 ||> 1.0 ||> 160.7 ||> 2.7 || +^ Light Heating Oil  |      43.7 |    3.3 |   11.9 |     2.3 |   1.0 |               1.0 |                1.0 |    20.15 |       2.7 | 
-||~ Natural Gas ||> 22.0 ||> 0.1 ||> 12.0 ||> 0.4 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 40.0 ||> 1.6 ||+^ Natural Gas        |      22.0 |    0.1 |   12.0 |     0.4 |  0.03 |              0.03 |               0.03 |     3.08 |       1.6 |
  
 TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I. TSP and PM emission factors are to a large extend based on measurements without condensed compounds, according to CEN-TS 15883, annex I.
 PAH measurement data contain the following individual substances: Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(j)fluoranthene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Anthracene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene(+Trihenylene) and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, as a specific part of US EPA. PAH measurement data contain the following individual substances: Benzo(a)pyrene, Benzo(k)fluoranthene, Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene, Benzo(b)fluoranthene, Benzo(j)fluoranthene, Benzo(ghi)perylene, Anthracene, Benzo(a)anthracene, Chrysene(+Trihenylene) and Dibenz(a,h)anthracene, as a specific part of US EPA.
  
-+ __Trend Discussion for Key Sources__+===== Trend Discussion for Key Sources =====
  
 The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants. The following charts give an overview and assistance for explaining dominant emission trends of selected pollutants.
  
-++ Fuel Consumption  +==== Fuel Consumption  ==== 
- +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_ar_l.png?400|Annual consumption of lignite products in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_ar_hc.png?400|Annual consumption of hard coal products in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_AR_L.PNG +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_ar_og.png?400|Annual consumption of natural gas and light heating oil in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_AR_HC.PNG +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_ar_bio.png?400|Annual consumption of liquid biomass and wood in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
-: 1A4ai_AR_OG.PNG +
-: 1A4ai_AR_Bio.png  +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
 Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category //1.A.4// depend on heat demand subject to winter temperatures. From 1990 to the present time, fuel use changed considerably from coal & lignite to natural gas. The consumption of light heating oil decreased as well. As the activity data for light heating oil is based on the sold amount, it fluctuates due to fuel prices and changing storage amounts. Annual fluctuations of all fuel types in source category //1.A.4// depend on heat demand subject to winter temperatures. From 1990 to the present time, fuel use changed considerably from coal & lignite to natural gas. The consumption of light heating oil decreased as well. As the activity data for light heating oil is based on the sold amount, it fluctuates due to fuel prices and changing storage amounts.
-The remarkable decrease of hard coal consumption in 2012 is caused by a change in statistics (data source). It's planned to revise the NEB back to 2003 in order to assure time series consistency.+The remarkable decrease of hard coal consumption in 2012 is caused by a change in statistics (data source). 
  
-++ Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC and Carbon monoxide - CO +==== Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds - NMVOC and Carbon monoxide - CO ==== 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_nmvoc.png?400|Annual NMVOC emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_EM_NMVOC.png +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_co.png?400|Annual NMVOC emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
-: 1A4ai_EM_CO.PNG +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
 Main driver of the NMVOC and CO emission trends is the decreasing lignite consumption: Since 1990 the fuel use changed from solid fuels causing high NMVOC and CO emissions to gaseous fuels producing much lower emissions.    Main driver of the NMVOC and CO emission trends is the decreasing lignite consumption: Since 1990 the fuel use changed from solid fuels causing high NMVOC and CO emissions to gaseous fuels producing much lower emissions.   
  
-++ Particulate Matter - PM,,2.5,, & PM,,10,, & TSP +==== Particulate Matter - PM2.5 & PM10 & TSP ==== 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm2.5.png?400|Annual PM2.5 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_EM_PM2.5.PNG +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pm10.png?400|Annual PM10 emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_EM_PM10.png +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_tsp.png?400|Annual TSP emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
-: 1A4ai_EM_TSP.PNG +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
-The emission trends for PM,,2.5,,, PM,,10,,, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend hardly changed. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion.    +The emission trends for PM<sub>2.5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and TSP are also influenced severely by decreasing coal consumption in small combustion plants, particularly in the period from 1990 to 1994. Since 1995 the emission trend hardly changed. Increasing emissions in the last years are caused by the rising wood combustion.    
  
-++ Persistent Organic Pollutants +==== Persistent Organic Pollutants ==== 
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pcddf.png?400|Annual PCDD/F emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}} 
-: 1A4ai_EM_PCDDF.PNG +{{:sector:energy:fuel_combustion:small_combustion:1a4ai_em_pah.png?400|Annual PAH emissions in NFR 1.A.4.a.i}}
-: 1A4ai_EM_PAH.PNG +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
 The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development. The main driver of the POPs emission trend are coal and fuel-wood. PCDD/F emissions decrease from 1990 to 2003 due to decreasing lignite consumption. The use of firewood and therefore PCDD/F emissions from wood combustion show a constant development.
  
-+ __Recalculations__+===== Recalculations =====
  
-Recalculations were necessary for the latest reference year (2017) due to the availability of the National Energy Balance. Germany has a federal structure which causes a time lack of the National Energy Balance. Therefore recalculations are always necessary. Further recalculations are a result of the Revision of biomass data from 2003 onwards.+Recalculations were necessary for 2019 due to the implementation of the now finalised National Energy Balance.  
 + 
 +Furthermore, compared to submission 2021, PAH emissions have been recalculated for all small combustion sources due to a revision of emission factors applied.
    
-> For specific **information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2017**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[[recalculations | 8.1 - Recalculations]]]. 
  
-+ __Planned improvements__+<WRAP center round info 65%> 
 +For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]]. 
 +</WRAP> 
 +===== Planned improvements ===== 
 + 
 +There is a running Project on new emission factors for small combustion plants using updated data from chimney sweepers and new measurement data.