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1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise

Short description

Category Code Method AD EF
1.A.3.a ii (ii) T1, T2, T3 NS, M CS, D, M
NOx NMVOC SO2 NH3 PM2.5 PM10 TSP BC CO PB Cd Hg Diox PAH HCB
Key Category: not included in key category analysis

In NFR category 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.

In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.

Methodology

Actitvity Data

Specific fuel consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter.

Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Kerosene 21,690 19,937 25,301 24,071 24,736 25,337 25,111 24,048 22,503 20,552 21,026 19,762 19,038 19,195 20,067 20,793 21,067 21,672 10,114
Avgas 1,681 805 779 472 437 408 432 404 382 440 398 354 343 393 322 320 310 256 170

source: Knörr et al. (2021c) 1) & Gores (2021) 2)

Emission factors

All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 3) and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV 4).

For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.

Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
JET KEROSENE
NH3 3.98 3.95 3.95 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97 3.97
NMVOC 14.4 16.0 16.6 18.9 19.9 20.4 20.6 20.3 19.9 19.9 20.2 21.7 22.7 22.0 17.7 18.1 17.7 19.4 26.1
NOx 337 375 348 340 341 347 358 368 374 376 381 383 381 386 397 400 396 396 370
SOx 19.7 19.5 19.5 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6 19.6
BC 1.82 2.15 2.00 2.20 2.28 2.23 1.98 1.97 2.02 2.00 2.02 2.02 1.95 2.05 1.95 1.99 2.18 2.13 2.66
PM 3.80 4.48 4.16 4.58 4.75 4.65 4.13 4.11 4.22 4.17 4.20 4.21 4.07 4.27 4.06 4.15 4.54 4.45 5.55
CO 147 149 186 203 203 203 204 202 197 197 201 212 219 214 154 151 152 159 241
AVGAS
NH3 NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE NE
NMVOC 549 559 545 551 550 548 549 551 548 558 557 557 556 555 557 552 561 579 580
NOx 132 134 130 132 131 130 131 131 130 134 133 134 133 132 133.2 130.4 134.7 142.5 143.5
SOx 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.46
BC 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42
PM 2.78 2.81 2.78 2.80 2.80 2.81 2.80 2.81 2.81 2.82 2.83 2.82 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.85 2.83 2.80 2.79
TSP 17.9 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0 18.0
CO 21,184 21,581 21,324 21,543 21,663 21,780 21,630 21,761 21,850 21,864 21,979 21,921 22,002 22,097 21,979 22,459 21,962 21,040 20,928

1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM10 and PM2.5 (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM2.5)
2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in 5), Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.

For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.

For information on the emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.

Trend discussion for Key Sources

NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.

Recalculations

Activity data have been revised within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information the final 2019 NEB.

Furthermore, after the implemetation of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights, the distribution onto LTO and Cruise stage have been revised widely for all years.

Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules

1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
JET KEROSENE
Submission 2022 21,690 19,937 25,301 24,071 24,736 25,337 25,111 24,048 22,503 20,552 21,026 19,762 19,038 19,195 20,067 20,793 21,067 21,672
Submission 2021 21,690 19,937 25,301 24,071 24,736 25,337 25,111 24,048 22,503 20,552 21,026 19,762 19,038 19,195 20,067 20,793 21,067 21,573
absolute change 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 98.9
relative change 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.46%
AVGAS
Submission 2022 1,681 805 779 472 437 408 432 404 382 440 398 354 343 393 322 320 310 256
Submission 2021 1,580 614 614 291 260 228 259 244 237 283 246 199 180 233 145 142 116 72.5
absolute change 101 191 165 181 177 181 174 160 146 156 152 155 163 160 177 178 193 184
relative change 6.42% 31.1% 26.9% 62.2% 67.8% 79.4% 67.2% 65.7% 61.6% 55.0% 61.9% 77.7% 90.3% 68.7% 122% 125% 166% 254%

In parallel, the majority of country-specific emission factors applied for 2019 has been revised within TREMOD AV.

Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors 2019, in [kg/TJ]

NH3 NMVOC NOx SO2 BC PM CO
KEROSENE
Submission 2022 3,97 19,39 396 19,6 2,13 4,45 159,0
Submission 2021 3,97 19,18 390 19,6 2,26 4,71 155,3
absolute change 0,00 0,21 5,54 0,00 -0,13 -0,27 3,75
relative change 0,00% 1,11% 1,42% 0,00% -5,64% -5,64% 2,41%
AVGAS
Submission 2022 NE 579 142,5 0,46 0,42 2,80 21040
Submission 2021 NE 579 142,6 0,46 0,42 2,80 21025
absolute change 0,00 -0,26 -0,14 0,00 0,00 0,00 15,2
relative change -0,05% -0,10% 0,00% 0,02% 0,02% 0,07%

For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations.

Uncertainties

For uncertainties information, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

Planned improvements

For information on planned improvements, please see the main chapter on civil aviation.

1), 4) Knörr et al. (2021c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.
2) Gores (2021): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.
3) Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.
5) EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.