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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/01/15 21:18] – kotzullasector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2022/03/02 12:35] – [Table] kotzulla
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 ===== Short description ===== ===== Short description =====
  
-^  Method      ^  AD     ^  EF        ^  Key Category for                           ^ +^ Category Code    ^  Method                                                                                                      ||||^  AD                                        ||||^  EF                                    ||||| 
-|  T1, T2, T3  |  NS, M  |  CS, D, M  |  //not included in key category analysis//  |+| 1.A.3.a ii (ii)  |  T1, T2, T3                                                                                                  |||||  NS, M                                     |||||  CS, D, M                              ||||| 
 +^  Key Category    ^  NO<sub>x</sub>                             ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  PB  ^  Cd        ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^ 
 +| 1.A.3.a ii (ii)  |  //not included in key category analysis//                                                                                                                                                       |||||||||||||||
  
 In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported. In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from domestic flights between German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.
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 In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided. In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.
  
-===== Method =====+===== Methodology =====
  
-=== Actitvity Data ===+==== Actitvity Data ====
  
-Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|superordinate chapter]].+Specific fuel consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]].
  
-__Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ +__Table 1: annual jet kerosene & avgas consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__ 
-|  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  | +|           ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^ 
-|  20,024    |  20,875    |  22,967    |  21,565    |  22,122    |  22,904    |  23,145    |  21,771    |  21,579    |  21,776    |  20,673    |  18,717    |  19,614    |  19,730    |  19,746    |  19,074    |  19,178    |           | +^ Kerosene  |  21,690 |  19,937 |  25,301 |  24,071 |  24,736 |  25,337 |  25,111 |  24,048 |  22,503 |  20,552 |  21,026 |  19,762 |  19,038 |  19,195 |  20,067 |  20,793 |  21,067 |  21,672 |  10,114 | 
-source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] & Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))]+^ Avgas     |   1,681 |     805 |     779 |     472 |     437 |     408 |     432 |     404 |     382 |     440 |     398 |     354 |     343 |     393 |     322 |     320 |     310 |     256 |     170 | 
 +source: Knörr et al. (2021c) [(KNOERR2021c)] & Gores (2021) [(GORES2021)]
  
-[[gallery size="medium"]] +==== Emission factors ====
-: 1A3aii(ii)_AD.png +
-[[/gallery]]+
  
-=== Emission factors ===+All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2021c)]. 
  
-All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))].  +For more information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
- +
-For more information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.+
  
 __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__
-|| ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= **2018** ||= +|                   ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^ 
-||~ NH,,3,, ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||> 4.00 ||= +| **JET KEROSENE**                                                                                                                                                                    |||||||||||||||||||         | 
-||~ NMVOC ||> 15.1 ||> 17.0 ||> 17.2 ||> 19.9 ||> 20.9 ||> 21.5 ||> 21.7 ||> 21.6 ||> 21.3 ||> 21.4 ||> 21.7 ||> 23.3 ||> 23.6 ||> 23.8 ||> 19.1 ||> 19.5 ||> 18.9 ||= +^ NH<sub>3</sub>    |    3.98 |    3.95 |    3.95 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 | 
-||~ NO,,x,, ||> 330 ||> 367 ||> 332 ||> 319 ||> 317 ||> 320 ||> 333 ||> 346 ||> 354 ||> 356 ||> 360 ||> 359 ||> 366 ||> 365 ||> 379 ||> 380 ||> 369 ||= +^ NMVOC             |    14.4 |    16.0 |    16.6 |    18.9 |    19.9 |    20.4 |    20.6 |    20.3 |    19.9 |    19.9 |    20.2 |    21.7 |    22.7 |    22.0 |    17.7 |    18.1 |    17.7 |    19.4 |    26.1 | 
-||~ SO,,x,, ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||= +^ NO<sub>x</sub>    |     337 |     375 |     348 |     340 |     341 |     347 |     358 |     368 |     374 |     376 |     381 |     383 |     381 |     386 |     397 |     400 |     396 |     396 |     370 | 
-||~ PM^^1^^ ||> 4.21 ||> 5.19 ||> 5.09 ||> 5.27 ||> 5.33 ||> 5.16 ||> 4.58 ||> 4.63 ||> 4.76 ||> 4.69 ||> 4.71 ||> 4.72 ||> 4.95 ||> 5.00 ||> 4.66 ||> 4.61 ||> 4.98 ||= +^ SO<sub>x</sub>    |    19.7 |    19.5 |    19.5 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 | 
-||~ BC^^2^^ ||> 2.02 ||> 2.49 ||> 2.44 ||> 2.53 ||> 2.56 ||> 2.47 ||> 2.20 ||> 2.22 ||> 2.28 ||> 2.25 ||> 2.26 ||> 2.27 ||> 2.38 ||> 2.40 ||> 2.24 ||> 2.21 ||> 2.39 ||= +^ BC                |    1.82 |    2.15 |    2.00 |    2.20 |    2.28 |    2.23 |    1.98 |    1.97 |    2.02 |    2.00 |    2.02 |    2.02 |    1.95 |    2.05 |    1.95 |    1.99 |    2.18 |    2.13 |    2.66 | 
-||~ CO    ||> 144 ||> 145 ||> 179 ||> 195 ||> 194 ||> 193 ||> 195 ||> 194 ||> 190 ||> 190 ||> 194 ||> 205 ||> 206 ||> 208 ||> 149 ||> 145 ||> 143 ||= +^ PM                |    3.80 |    4.48 |    4.16 |    4.58 |    4.75 |    4.65 |    4.13 |    4.11 |    4.22 |    4.17 |    4.20 |    4.21 |    4.07 |    4.27 |    4.06 |    4.15 |    4.54 |    4.45 |    5.55 | 
-^^1^^ EF(TSP) also applied for PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM,,2.5,,)  +^ CO                |     147 |     149 |     186 |     203 |     203 |     203 |     204 |     202 |     197 |     197 |     201 |     212 |     219 |     214 |     154 |     151 |     152 |     159 |     241 | 
-^^2^^ estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [((bibcite 4))], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". +| **AVGAS**                                                                                                                                                                                    |||||||||||||||||||| 
 +^ NH<sub>3</sub>    |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     | 
 +^ NMVOC             |     549 |     559 |     545 |     551 |     550 |     548 |     549 |     551 |     548 |     558 |     557 |     557 |     556 |     555 |     557 |     552 |     561 |     579 |     580 | 
 +^ NO<sub>x</sub>    |     132 |     134 |     130 |     132 |     131 |     130 |     131 |     131 |     130 |     134 |     133 |     134 |     133 |     132 |   133.2 |   130.4 |   134.7 |   142.5 |   143.5 | 
 +^ SO<sub>x</sub>    |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 | 
 +^ BC                |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.43 |    0.42 |    0.42 |    0.42 | 
 +^ PM                |    2.78 |    2.81 |    2.78 |    2.80 |    2.80 |    2.81 |    2.80 |    2.81 |    2.81 |    2.82 |    2.83 |    2.82 |    2.83 |    2.83 |    2.82 |    2.85 |    2.83 |    2.80 |    2.79 | 
 +^ TSP               |    17.9 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 |    18.0 | 
 +^ CO                |  21,184 |  21,581 |  21,324 |  21,543 |  21,663 |  21,780 |  21,630 |  21,761 |  21,850 |  21,864 |  21,979 |  21,921 |  22,002 |  22,097 |  21,979 |  22,459 |  21,962 |  21,040 |  20,928 | 
 +<sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\ 
 +<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion". 
              
-**NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. +<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included. 
 +</WRAP>  
 + 
 +<WRAP center round info 100%> 
 +For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources. 
 +</WRAP>
  
 ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
  
-> NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**.+NFR 1.A.3.a ii (ii) - Domestic Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**.
  
 ===== Recalculations ===== ===== Recalculations =====
  
-**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))]. +**Activity data** have been revised within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information the final 2019 NEB. 
  
-__Table 3: Revised kerosene consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules__ +Furthermore, after the implemetation of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights, the distribution onto LTO and Cruise stage have been revised widely for all years.  
-|| ||= **1990** ||= **1995** ||= **2000** ||= **2005** ||= **2006** ||= **2007** ||= **2008** ||= **2009** ||= **2010** ||= **2011** ||= **2012** ||= **2013** ||= **2014** ||= **2015** ||= **2016** ||= **2017** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 20,024 ||> 20,875 ||> 22,967 ||> 21,565 ||> 22,122 ||> 22,904 ||> 23,145 ||> 21,771 ||> 21,579 ||> 21,776 ||> 20,673 ||> 18,717 ||> 19,614 ||> 19,730 ||> 19,746 ||> 19,074 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 19,455 ||> 20,404 ||> 23,321 ||> 21,678 ||> 22,233 ||> 22,907 ||> 23,190 ||> 21,977 ||> 21,753 ||> 21,967 ||> 20,754 ||> 18,869 ||> 19,090 ||> 19,803 ||> 20,388 ||> 19,586 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> 569 ||> 471 ||> -354 ||> -112 ||> -112 ||> -3.15 ||> -44.9 ||> -206 ||> -174 ||> -191 ||> -81.7 ||> -152 ||> 524.71 ||> -72.8 ||> -643 ||> -512 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> 2.92% ||> 2.31% ||> -1.52% ||> -0.52% ||> -0.50% ||> -0.01% ||> -0.19% ||> -0.94% ||> -0.80% ||> -0.87% ||> -0.39% ||> -0.80% ||> 2.75% ||> -0.37% ||> -3.15% ||> -2.61% ||=+
  
-In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))].+__Table 3: Revised annual fuel consumption in 1.A.3.a ii (ii), in terajoules__ 
 +|                   ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^ 
 +| **JET KEROSENE**                                                                                                                                                                    ||||||||||||||||||| 
 +^ Submission 2022   |  21,690 |  19,937 |  25,301 |  24,071 |  24,736 |  25,337 |  25,111 |  24,048 |  22,503 |  20,552 |  21,026 |  19,762 |  19,038 |  19,195 |  20,067 |  20,793 |  21,067 |  21,672 | 
 +^ Submission 2021   |  21,690 |  19,937 |  25,301 |  24,071 |  24,736 |  25,337 |  25,111 |  24,048 |  22,503 |  20,552 |  21,026 |  19,762 |  19,038 |  19,195 |  20,067 |  20,793 |  21,067 |  21,573 | 
 +^ absolute change   |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    0.00 |    98.9 | 
 +^ relative change   |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.00% |   0.46% | 
 +| **AVGAS**                                                                                                                                                                           ||||||||||||||||||| 
 +^ Submission 2022   |   1,681 |     805 |     779 |     472 |     437 |     408 |     432 |     404 |     382 |     440 |     398 |     354 |     343 |     393 |     322 |     320 |     310 |     256 | 
 +^ Submission 2021   |   1,580 |     614 |     614 |     291 |     260 |     228 |     259 |     244 |     237 |     283 |     246 |     199 |     180 |     233 |     145 |     142 |     116 |    72.5 | 
 +^ absolute change   |     101 |     191 |     165 |     181 |     177 |     181 |     174 |     160 |     146 |     156 |     152 |     155 |     163 |     160 |     177 |     178 |     193 |     184 | 
 +^ relative change   |   6.42% |   31.1% |   26.9% |   62.2% |   67.8% |   79.4% |   67.2% |   65.7% |   61.6% |   55.0% |   61.9% |   77.7% |   90.3% |   68.7% |    122% |    125% |    166% |    254% |
  
-__Table 4: Revised emission-factor values, in [kg/TJ]__ +In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  applied for 2019 has been revised within TREMOD AV. 
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **NMVOC** ||= + 
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 15.1 ||> 17.0 ||> 17.2 ||> 19.9 ||> 20.9 ||> 21.5 ||> 21.7 ||> 21.6 ||> 21.3 ||> 21.4 ||> 21.7 ||> 23.3 ||> 23.6 ||> 23.8 ||> 19.1 ||> 19.5 ||= +__Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors 2019, in [kg/TJ]__ 
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 9.3 ||> 11.6 ||> 10.5 ||> 12.1 ||> 13.2 ||> 13.3 ||> 13.0 ||> 13.1 ||> 13.1 ||> 13.3 ||> 13.2 ||> 13.7 ||> 14.1 ||> 13.5 ||> 13.4 ||> 13.6 ||= +|                  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  BC     ^  PM     ^  CO    ^ 
-||~ absolute change ||> 5.84 ||> 5.46 ||> 6.68 ||> 7.76 ||> 7.69 ||> 8.21 ||> 8.69 ||> 8.49 ||> 8.24 ||> 8.10 ||> 8.48 ||> 9.68 ||> 9.48 ||> 10.28 ||> 5.66 ||> 5.83 ||= +| KEROSENE                                                                                                  |||||||| 
-||~ relative change ||> 63.0% ||> 47.2% ||> 63.8% ||> 64.0% ||> 58.1% ||> 61.7% ||> 66.7% ||> 64.8% ||> 63.1% ||> 61.1% ||> 64.0% ||> 70.9% ||> 67.1% ||> 75.9% ||> 42.2% ||> 42.7% ||= +^ Submission 2022  |             3,97 |   19,39 |              396 |             19,6 |    2,13 |    4,45 |  159,0 | 
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Nitrogen oxides - NO,,x,,** ||= +^ Submission 2021  |             3,97 |   19,18 |              390 |             19,6 |    2,26 |    4,71 |  155,3 | 
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 330 ||> 367 ||> 332 ||> 319 ||> 317 ||> 320 ||> 333 ||> 346 ||> 354 ||> 356 ||> 360 ||> 359 ||> 366 ||> 365 ||> 379 ||> 380 ||= +^ absolute change  |             0,00 |    0,21 |             5,54 |             0,00 |   -0,13 |   -0,27 |   3,75 | 
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 342 ||> 381 ||> 351 ||> 338 ||> 339 ||> 346 ||> 358 ||> 366 ||> 372 ||> 375 ||> 380 ||> 385 ||> 384 ||> 388 ||> 396 ||> 402 ||= +^ relative change  |            0,00% |   1,11% |            1,42% |            0,00% |  -5,64% |  -5,64% |  2,41% | 
-||~ absolute change ||> -12.51 ||> -14.42 ||> -18.74 ||> -19.36 ||> -21.48 ||> -26.16 ||> -25.15 ||> -20.71 ||> -18.06 ||> -19.21 ||> -20.09 ||> -26.37 ||> -17.21 ||> -22.82 ||> -17.11 ||> -21.59 ||= +| AVGAS                                                                                                     |||||||| 
-||~ relative change ||> -3.65% ||> -3.79% ||> -5.34% ||> -5.72% ||> -6.34% ||> -7.55% ||> -7.02% ||> -5.65% ||> -4.86% ||> -5.13% ||> -5.29% ||> -6.85% ||> -4.48% ||> -5.88% ||> -4.33% ||> -5.38% ||= +^ Submission 2022  |  NE              |     579 |            142,5 |             0,46 |    0,42 |    2,80 |  21040 | 
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Sulphur oxides - SO,,x,,** ||= +^ Submission 2021  |  NE              |     579 |            142,6 |             0,46 |    0,42 |    2,80 |  21025 | 
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 19.7 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.5 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||> 19.6 ||= +^ absolute change  |  0,00            |   -0,26 |            -0,14 |             0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |   15,2 | 
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 25.1 ||> 15.2 ||> 8.5 ||> 6.3 ||> 5.9 ||> 5.5 ||> 5.1 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||> 4.7 ||= +^ relative change  |                  |  -0,05% |           -0,10% |            0,00% |   0,02% |   0,02% |  0,07% |
-||~ absolute change ||> -5.45 ||> 4.30 ||> 11.08 ||> 13.28 ||> 13.71 ||> 14.13 ||> 14.55 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||> 14.98 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -21.7% ||> 28.2% ||> 131% ||> 209% ||> 232% ||> 257% ||> 287% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||> 322% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Black carbon - BC** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 2.02 ||> 2.49 ||> 2.44 ||> 2.53 ||> 2.56 ||> 2.47 ||> 2.20 ||> 2.22 ||> 2.28 ||> 2.25 ||> 2.26 ||> 2.27 ||> 2.38 ||> 2.40 ||> 2.24 ||> 2.21 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||> 2.23 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -0.21 ||> 0.26 ||> 0.21 ||> 0.30 ||> 0.32 ||> 0.24 ||> -0.03 ||> -0.01 ||> 0.05 ||> 0.02 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.03 ||> 0.15 ||> 0.17 ||> 0.01 ||> -0.02 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -9.52% ||> 11.61% ||> 9.50% ||> 13.39% ||> 14.49% ||> 10.85% ||> -1.42% ||> -0.49% ||> 2.32% ||> 0.82% ||> 1.34% ||> 1.55% ||> 6.53% ||> 7.57% ||> 0.29% ||> -0.95% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Particulate matter - PM** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 4.21 ||> 5.19 ||> 5.09 ||> 5.27 ||> 5.33 ||> 5.16 ||> 4.58 ||> 4.63 ||> 4.76 ||> 4.69 ||> 4.71 ||> 4.72 ||> 4.95 ||> 5.00 ||> 4.66 ||> 4.61 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||> 4.65 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> -0.44 ||> 0.54 ||> 0.44 ||> 0.62 ||> 0.67 ||> 0.50 ||> -0.07 ||> -0.02 ||> 0.11 ||> 0.04 ||> 0.06 ||> 0.07 ||> 0.30 ||> 0.35 ||> 0.01 ||> -0.04 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> -9.52% ||> 11.6% ||> 9.50% ||> 13.4% ||> 14.5% ||> 10.8% ||> -1.42% ||> -0.49% ||> 2.32% ||> 0.82% ||> 1.34% ||> 1.55% ||> 6.53% ||> 7.57% ||> 0.29% ||> -0.95% ||= +
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||< **Carbon monoxide - CO** ||= +
-||~ Submission 2020 ||> 144.5 ||> 145.2 ||> 179.0 ||> 195.3 ||> 194.5 ||> 193.3 ||> 195.1 ||> 194.2 ||> 190.2 ||> 190.0 ||> 194.1 ||> 205.0 ||> 206.2 ||> 208.5 ||> 149.0 ||> 145.3 ||= +
-||~ Submission 2019 ||> 85.5 ||> 88.2 ||> 111.7 ||> 111.0 ||> 111.0 ||> 105.2 ||> 102.4 ||> 104.8 ||> 105.8 ||> 105.2 ||> 102.1 ||> 98.7 ||> 100.4 ||> 104.3 ||> 98.2 ||> 91.7 ||= +
-||~ absolute change ||> 58.93 ||> 56.97 ||> 67.33 ||> 84.30 ||> 83.50 ||> 88.08 ||> 92.71 ||> 89.41 ||> 84.38 ||> 84.77 ||> 91.96 ||> 106.30 ||> 105.85 ||> 104.16 ||> 50.81 ||> 53.62 ||= +
-||~ relative change ||> 68.9% ||> 64.6% ||> 60.3% ||> 75.9% ||> 75.2% ||> 83.7% ||> 90.5% ||> 85.3% ||> 79.7% ||> 80.6% ||> 90.1% ||> 108% ||> 105.4% ||> 99.9% ||> 51.7% ||> 58.5% ||=+
  
 <WRAP center round info 60%> <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]]].+For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP> </WRAP>
  
 ===== Uncertainties ===== ===== Uncertainties =====
  
-For uncertainties information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation.+For uncertainties information, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
  
 ===== Planned improvements ===== ===== Planned improvements =====
  
-For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|main chapter]] on civil aviation.+For information on planned improvements, please see the [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation. 
  
------- 
  
-[[bibliography]] +[(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)] 
-: 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012. +[(KNOERR2021c> Knörr et al. (2021c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2020.)] 
-: 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2019. +[(GORES2021> Gores (2021): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2020.)] 
-: 3 : Gores (2018): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2019. +[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)] 
-: 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019. +[(EUROCONTROL2020> Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.)]
-: 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2019 +
-[[/bibliography]]+