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sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2021/03/29 11:24] – kotzulla | sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:domestic_civil_aviation_-_lto [2022/03/22 11:58] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla | ||
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In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation: LTO// emissions from domestic flights between German airports occuring during LTO stage (Landing/ | In NFR category //1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation: LTO// emissions from domestic flights between German airports occuring during LTO stage (Landing/ | ||
- | ^ Category Code ^ Method | + | ^ Category Code |
- | | 1.A.3.a ii(i) | T1, T2, T3 ||||| NS, M ||||| CS, D, M ||||| | + | | 1.A.3.a ii (i) | T1, T2, T3 |
- | ^ | + | ^ ^ |
- | | 1.A.3.a ii(i) | + | | Key Category: |
{{page> | {{page> | ||
Line 18: | Line 18: | ||
==== Actitvity Data ==== | ==== Actitvity Data ==== | ||
- | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[sector: | + | Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter. |
__Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | __Table 1: Percentual annual fuel consumption during LTO-stage of domestic flights__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | + | | | **1990** |
- | ^ Jet Kerosene | + | ^ Jet Kerosene |
- | ^ Aviation Gasoline | + | ^ Aviation Gasoline |
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | source: Knörr et al. (2021c) [(KNOERR2021c)] &: Gores (2021) [(GORES2021)] |
As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | As explained above, the use of aviation gasoline is - due to a lack of further information - assumed to entirely take place within the LTO-range. | ||
__Table 2: annual LTO fuel consumption for domestic flights, in terajoule__ | __Table 2: annual LTO fuel consumption for domestic flights, in terajoule__ | ||
- | | | + | | |
- | ^ Jet Kerosene | + | ^ Jet Kerosene |
- | ^ Aviation Gasoline | + | ^ Aviation Gasoline |
- | | **∑ 1.A.3.a ii (i)** ^ 9,748 ^ 8,649 ^ 10,122 ^ 9,481 ^ 9,686 ^ 9,776 ^ 9,698 ^ 9,277 ^ 8,825 ^ | + | | **∑ 1.A.3.a ii (i)** ^ 9,625 ^ 8,422 ^ 9,924 ^ 9,259 ^ 9,467 ^ 9,553 ^ 9,485 ^ 9,081 ^ 8,646 ^ |
- | source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] &: Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))] | + | source: Knörr et al. (2020c) &: Gores (2020) |
- | {{ : | + | {{ : |
==== Emission factors ==== | ==== Emission factors ==== | ||
- | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))]. | + | All country-specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 (Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010)) [(KNOERR2012)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV. |
- | Furthermore, | + | Furthermore, |
- | For more details, please see [[sector: | + | For more details, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation. |
__Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | __Table 3: Country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__ | ||
- | | | + | | |
- | | **JET KEROSENE** | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | | + | ^ NMVOC | 28,4 | |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ CO | + | ^ CO |
- | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** | + | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** |
- | ^ NH< | + | ^ NH< |
- | ^ NMVOC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | ^ NMVOC | 628 | |
- | ^ NO< | + | ^ NO< |
- | ^ SO< | + | ^ SO< |
- | ^ BC< | + | ^ BC< |
- | ^ PM< | + | ^ PM< |
- | ^ TSP< | + | ^ TSP< |
- | ^ CO | + | ^ CO |
- | < | + | < |
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
</ | </ | ||
- | + | <WRAP center round info 100%> | |
- | __Table 4: Tier1 emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust | + | For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust |
- | | | + | </WRAP> |
- | | | + | |
- | ^ Kerosene | + | |
- | ^ Aviation gasoline | + | |
- | < | + | |
===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== | ===== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===== | ||
- | > NFR 1.A.3.a ii (i) - Domestic Civil Aviation - LTO is **no key source**. | + | <WRAP center round info 60%> |
+ | NFR sub-category | ||
+ | </ | ||
- | Where **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used, the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher emission factor applied to this fuel. | + | Where, for example, **nitrogen oxides** and **sulphur oxides** emissions are dominated by jet kerosene due to the amount of fuel used,--- |
- | [[gallery size=" | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A3aii(i)_SOx.png | + | {{:sector: |
- | : 1A3aii(i)_CO.png | + | |
- | [[/ | + | |
- | **Lead** emissions on the other hand, with no emission factor | + | ... the majority of **carbon monoxide** stems from the consumption of avgas given the much higher |
- | {{ : | + | Here, **Lead** emissions, with no emission factor available for jet kerosene, are only calculated for avgas. |
+ | |||
+ | {{: | ||
+ | {{: | ||
===== Recalculations ===== | ===== Recalculations ===== | ||
Line 105: | Line 104: | ||
Resulting from this revision, the percentual shares of kerosene consumed during LTO within TREMOD AV have been recalculated as shown in Table 4. | Resulting from this revision, the percentual shares of kerosene consumed during LTO within TREMOD AV have been recalculated as shown in Table 4. | ||
- | __Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene consumed during L/TO for domestic flights, in %__ | + | __Table 4: Revised percentual share of kerosene |
- | | | + | | ^ |
- | ^ Submission | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ absolute change |
+ | ^ relative change | ||
+ | | **AVGAS** | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2022 | ||
+ | ^ Submission 2021 | ||
+ | ^ absolute change | ||
+ | ^ relative change | ||
- | Hence, the amount | + | Hence, the amounts |
__Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoule__ | __Table 5: Revised fuel consumption data, in terajoule__ | ||
- | | | **1990** | **1995** | **2000** | **2005** | **2006** | **2007** | **2008** | **2009** | **2010** | **2011** | **2012** | **2013** | **2014** | **2015** | **2016** | **2017** | **2018** | | + | | ^ |
- | | **JET KEROSENE** | + | | **JET KEROSENE** |
- | ^ Submission | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission 2021 | 9,380 | 8,303 | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **AVIATION GASOLINE** | + | | **AVGAS** ||||||||||||||||||| |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | ^ Submission |
- | ^ absolute change | + | ^ absolute change |
- | ^ relative change | + | ^ relative change |
- | | **TOTAL FUEL CONSUMPTION** | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | + | |
- | ^ Submission | + | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** |
- | ^ Submission | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | <WRAP center round info 65%> |
- | ^ relative change | + | For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the recalculation tables following [[general: |
+ | </ | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== Uncertainties ===== | ||
- | In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors** | + | For uncertainties information, please see [[sector: |
- | Here, among others, the EF for SO,,2,, from jet kerosene has been replaced by new and more reliable data showing no sulphur reduction since 1990. | + | |
- | Furthermore, | + | ===== Planned improvements ===== |
- | __Table 6: Revised country-specific emission factors for jet kerosene, in [kg/TJ]__ | + | For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector: |
- | | | + | |
- | | **NON-METHANE VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPUNDS - NMVOC** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **NITROGEN OXIDES** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **SULPHUR OXIDES** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **BLACK CARBON - BC** |||||||||||||||||| | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **PARTICULATE MATTER - PM** |||||||||||||||||| | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | | **CARBON MONOXIDE - CO** | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2021 | + | |
- | ^ Submission 2020 | + | |
- | ^ absolute change | + | |
- | ^ relative change | + | |
- | The TSP emissions calculated depend directly on the reported lead emissions: The emission factor for TSP is 1.6 times the emission factor used for lead: EF(TSP) = 1.6 x EF(Pb). | ||
- | The applied procedure is similar to the one used for calculating TSP emissions from leaded gasoline used in road transport. | ||
- | ------ | ||
- | [[bibliography]] | + | [(KNOERR2012> |
- | : 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https:// | + | [(KNOERR2021c> |
- | : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, | + | [(GORES2021> |
- | : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, | + | [(EMEPEEA2019> |
- | : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https:// | + | [(EUROCONTROL2021> |
- | : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https:// | + | |
- | [[/ | + |