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--- sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2021/01/15 21:14] – kotzulla
+++ sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:international_civil_aviation_-_cruise [2022/03/22 08:44] (current) – [Recalculations] kotzulla
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===== Short description =====
-^  Method      ^  AD     ^  EF        ^  Key Category for                           ^
+^ Category Code   ^  Method                                                                                                      ||||^  AD                                        ||||^  EF                                    |||||
-|  T1, T2, T3  |  NS, M  |  CS, D, M  |  //not included in key category analysis//  |
+| 1.A.3.a i (ii)  |  T1, T2, T3                                                                                                  |||||  NS, M                                     |||||  CS, D, M                              |||||
+^                 ^  NO<sub>x</sub>                             ^  NMVOC  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  PM<sub>2.5</sub>  ^  PM<sub>10</sub>  ^  TSP  ^  BC  ^  CO  ^  PB  ^  Cd        ^  Hg  ^  Diox  ^  PAH  ^  HCB  ^
+| Key Category:   |  //not included in key category analysis//                                                                                                                                                       |||||||||||||||
 In NFR category //1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise// emissions from international flights from German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.
@@ Line 12: / Line 14: @@
 ===== Methodology =====
-=== Actitvity Data ===
+==== Actitvity Data ====
-Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the [[superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
+Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
 __Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules__
-|  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  |
+|               ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2006    ^  2007    ^  2008    ^  2009    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^  2020    ^
-|  150,852   |  187,855   |  243,544   |  288,819   |  305,632   |  291,248   |  314,638   |  320,599   |  307,487   |  306,766   |  331,644   |  365,499   |  376,210   |           |
+^ Jet kerosene  |  149,007 |  189,185 |  240,680 |  285,709 |  301,032 |  312,607 |  316,629 |  307,916 |  304,544 |  292,898 |  314,325 |  319,548 |  308,755 |  307,982 |  331,809 | 363,932  | 374,434  | 371,033  | 171,306  |
-source: Knörr et al. (2019c) [((bibcite 2))] & Gores (2019) [((bibcite 3))]
+^ Avgas         |      494 |      211 |      220 |      149 |      146 |      138 |      138 |      126 |      124 |      106 |     97.9 |     86.4 |     76.1 |     98.6 |     36.0 |     36.4 |     32.2 |     23.4 |     12.1 |
+source: Knörr et al. (2021c) [(KNOERR2021)] and Gores (2021) [(GORES2021)]
-[[gallery size="medium"]]
+{{ :sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:1a3ai(ii)_ad.png?700 }}
-: 1A3ai(ii)_AD.png
-[[/gallery]]
-=== Emission factors ===
+==== Emission factors ====
-All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [((bibcite 1))] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [((bibcite 2))].
+All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 [(KNOERR2010)] and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV [(KNOERR2021)].
-For more information, please see [[ superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
+For more information, please see the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
 __Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ__
-|                     |  **1990**  |  **1995**  |  **2000**  |  **2005**  |  **2006**  |  **2007**  |  **2008**  |  **2009**  |  **2010**  |  **2011**  |  **2012**  |  **2013**  |  **2014**  |  **2015**  |  **2016**  |  **2017**  |  **2018**  | **2019**  |
+|                     ^  1990   ^  1995   ^  2000   ^  2005   ^  2006   ^  2007   ^  2008   ^  2009   ^  2010   ^  2011   ^  2012   ^  2013   ^  2014   ^  2015   ^  2016   ^  2017   ^  2018   ^  2019   ^  2020   ^
-| **NH<sub>3</sub>**  |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |  4.00      |           |
+| **JET KEROSENE**    |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |
-| **NMVOC**           |  13.4      |  9.47      |  5.93      |  5.44      |  5.35      |  5.20      |  5.07      |  4.95      |  4.91      |  4.81      |  4.70      |  4.70      |  4.64      |  4.65      |  4.46      |  4.52      |  4.64      |           |
+^ **NH<sub>3</sub>**  |    3.98 |    3.95 |    3.95 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |    3.97 |
-| **NO<sub>x</sub>**  |  308       |  313       |  319       |  330       |  331       |  334       |  335       |  339       |  346       |  349       |  354       |  354       |  354       |  354       |  359       |  361       |  362       |           |
+^ **NMVOC**           |    13.3 |    8.96 |    5.98 |    5.27 |    5.15 |    5.02 |    4.89 |    4.77 |    4.66 |    4.53 |    4.39 |    4.39 |    4.71 |    4.35 |    4.17 |    4.23 |    4.32 |    4.26 |    4.29 |
-| **SO<sub>x</sub>**  |  19.7      |  19.5      |  19.5      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |  19.6      |           |
+^ **NO<sub>x</sub>**  |     313 |     317 |     329 |     338 |     338 |     342 |     343 |     346 |     352 |     354 |     360 |     362 |     362 |     366 |     370 |     372 |     373 |     376 |     379 |
-| **PM<sup>1</sup>**  |  3.98      |  4.19      |  4.33      |  4.11      |  4.07      |  4.02      |  3.95      |  3.91      |  3.87      |  3.84      |  3.81      |  3.78      |  3.72      |  3.72      |  3.74      |  3.74      |  3.76      |           |
+^ **SO<sub>x</sub>**  |    19.7 |    19.5 |    19.5 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |    19.6 |
-| **BC<sup>2</sup>**  |  1.91      |  2.01      |  2.08      |  1.97      |  1.95      |  1.93      |  1.90      |  1.88      |  1.86      |  1.84      |  1.83      |  1.82      |  1.78      |  1.79      |  1.79      |  1.80      |  1.80      |           |
+^ **PM<sup>1</sup>**  |    1.89 |    1.96 |    2.03 |    1.93 |    1.91 |    1.89 |    1.85 |    1.83 |    1.81 |    1.80 |    1.79 |    1.77 |    1.74 |    1.73 |    1.73 |    1.74 |    1.75 |    1.73 |    1.72 |
-| **CO**              |  71.0      |  60.3      |  44.9      |  40.0      |  39.2      |  38.3      |  37.4      |  36.4      |  35.9      |  35.6      |  35.5      |  35.6      |  35.3      |  35.5      |  33.5      |  33.6      |  34.0      |           |
+^ **BC<sup>2</sup>**  |    3.94 |    4.08 |    4.23 |    4.02 |    3.98 |    3.93 |    3.86 |    3.81 |    3.77 |    3.74 |    3.72 |    3.69 |    3.62 |    3.59 |    3.61 |    3.62 |    3.64 |    3.61 |    3.59 |
-<sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM,,2.5,,)
+^ **CO**              |    73.8 |    61.6 |    47.7 |    42.4 |    41.5 |    40.6 |    39.7 |    38.6 |    37.8 |    37.3 |    37.0 |    36.8 |    40.1 |    36.2 |    34.2 |    34.2 |    34.7 |    34.1 |    34.4 |
-<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [((bibcite 4))], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion".
+| **AVGAS**           |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |         |
+^ **NH<sub>3</sub>**  |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |  NE     |
+^ **NMVOC**           |     468 |     498 |     477 |     462 |     452 |     451 |     461 |     470 |     460 |     523 |     519 |     518 |     506 |     515 |     430 |     437 |     449 |     466 |     446 |
+^ **NO<sub>x</sub>**  |     103 |     109 |     103 |     100 |      98 |      97 |      99 |     100 |      97 |     111 |     109 |     110 |     104 |     108 |    68.7 |    69.8 |    73.7 |    81.7 |    71.5 |
+^ **SO<sub>x</sub>**  |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |    0.46 |
+^ BC                  |    0.40 |    0.42 |    0.41 |    0.40 |    0.40 |    0.40 |    0.41 |    0.41 |    0.41 |    0.44 |    0.44 |    0.44 |    0.45 |    0.44 |    0.47 |    0.47 |    0.47 |    0.46 |    0.47 |
+^ PM<sub>2.5</sub>    |    2.69 |    2.80 |    2.74 |    2.68 |    2.65 |    2.67 |    2.70 |    2.76 |    2.74 |    2.96 |    2.96 |    2.93 |    2.97 |    2.95 |    3.11 |    3.14 |    3.13 |    3.08 |    3.12 |
+^ PM<sub>10</sub>     |    2.69 |    2.80 |    2.74 |    2.68 |    2.65 |    2.67 |    2.70 |    2.76 |    2.74 |    2.96 |    2.96 |    2.93 |    2.97 |    2.95 |    3.11 |    3.14 |    3.13 |    3.08 |    3.12 |
+^ TSP                 |    17.9 |    18.0 |    17.9 |    17.9 |    17.8 |    17.8 |    17.9 |    17.9 |    17.9 |    18.1 |    18.1 |    18.1 |    18.1 |    18.1 |    18.3 |    18.3 |    18.3 |    18.2 |    18.3 |
+^ CO                  |  20,915 |  22,610 |  21,827 |  21,055 |  20,659 |  21,024 |  21,402 |  22,335 |  22,225 |  25,229 |  25,303 |  24,882 |  25,753 |  25,200 |  29,832 |  30,337 |  30,216 |  29,164 |  30,558 |
+<sup>1</sup> EF(TSP) also applied for PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM<sub>2.5</sub>) \\
+<sup>2</sup> estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in [(EMEPEEA2019)], Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: "Conclusion".
-> **NOTE:** For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.
+<WRAP center round info 100%>
+For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.
+</WRAP>
-=== Trend discussion for Key Sources ===
+<WRAP center round info 100%>
+For information on the **emission factors for heavy-metal and POP exhaust emissions**, please refer to Appendix 2.3 - Heavy Metal (HM) exhaust emissions from mobile sources and Appendix 2.4 - Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) exhaust emissions from mobile sources.
+</WRAP>
+===== Trend discussion for Key Sources =====
 > NFR 1.A.3.a i (ii) - International Civil Aviation - Cruise is **not included in the national emission totals** and hence **not included in the key category analysis**.
-=== Recalculations ===
+===== Recalculations =====
-**Activity data** have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))].
+**Activity data** have been revised within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information the final 2019 NEB.
+Furthermore, after the implemetation of aviation gasoline (avgas) for international flights, the distribution onto LTO and Cruise stage have been revised widely for all years.
 __Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules__
-||		||=	**1990**	||=	**1995**	||=	**2000**	||=	**2005**	||=	**2006**	||=	**2007**	||=	**2008**	||=	**2009**	||=	**2010**	||=	**2011**	||=	**2012**	||=	**2013**	||=	**2014**	||=	**2015**	||=	**2016**	||=	**2017**	||=
+|                   ^  1990    ^  1995    ^  2000    ^  2005    ^  2006    ^  2007    ^  2008    ^  2009    ^  2010    ^  2011    ^  2012    ^  2013    ^  2014    ^  2015    ^  2016    ^  2017    ^  2018    ^  2019    ^
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	150,852	||>	187,855	||>	243,544	||>	288,819	||>	304,276	||>	315,598	||>	319,033	||>	310,713	||>	305,632	||>	291,248	||>	314,638	||>	320,599	||>	307,487	||>	306,766	||>	331,644	||>	365,499	||>
+| **JET KEROSENE**                                                                                                                                                                                      |||||||||||||||||||
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	152,682	||>	186,400	||>	243,292	||>	289,459	||>	305,085	||>	316,427	||>	319,258	||>	310,547	||>	304,170	||>	286,922	||>	313,516	||>	321,015	||>	307,488	||>	305,071	||>	330,738	||>	367,231	||>
+^ Submission 2021   |  149,007 |  189,185 |  240,680 |  285,709 |  301,032 |  312,607 |  316,629 |  307,916 |  304,544 |  292,898 |  314,325 |  319,548 |  308,755 |  307,982 |  331,809 |  363,932 |  374,434 |  371,033 |
-||~	absolute change	||>	-1,830	||>	1,455	||>	252	||>	-640	||>	-809	||>	-829	||>	-224	||>	167	||>	1,462	||>	4,326	||>	1,122	||>	-416	||>	-0,79	||>	1,695	||>	907	||>	-1,732	||>
+^ Submission 2020   |  149,007 |  189,185 |  240,680 |  285,709 |  301,032 |  312,607 |  316,629 |  307,916 |  304,544 |  292,898 |  314,325 |  319,548 |  308,755 |  307,982 |  331,809 |  363,932 |  374,434 |  371,552 |
-||~	relative change	||>	-1.20%	||>	0.78%	||>	0.10%	||>	-0.22%	||>	-0.27%	||>	-0.26%	||>	-0.07%	||>	0.05%	||>	0.48%	||>	1.51%	||>	0.36%	||>	-0.13%	||>	-0.0003%	||>	0.56%	||>	0.27%	||>	-0.47%	||>
+^ absolute change   |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     0.00 |     -519 |
+^ relative change   |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00% |   -0.14% |
+| **AVGAS**                                                                                                                                                                                             |||||||||||||||||||
+^ Submission 2021   |      494 |      211 |      220 |      149 |      146 |      138 |      138 |      126 |      124 |      106 |     97.9 |     86.4 |     76.1 |     98.6 |     36.0 |     36.4 |     32.2 |     23.4 |
+^ Submission 2020   |      464 |      161 |      173 |     91.6 |     87.2 |     76.8 |     82.5 |     75.8 |     76.8 |     68.1 |     60.4 |     48.6 |     40.0 |     58.5 |     16.2 |     16.2 |     12.1 |     6.55 |
+^ absolute change   |     29.8 |     50.1 |     46.6 |     56.9 |     59.2 |     60.9 |     55.4 |     49.8 |     47.3 |     37.5 |     37.4 |     37.8 |     36.1 |     40.1 |     19.8 |     20.2 |     20.1 |     16.9 |
+^ relative change   |    6.42% |    31.1% |    26.9% |    62.2% |    67.8% |    79.4% |    67.2% |    65.7% |    61.6% |    55.0% |    61.9% |    77.7% |    90.3% |    68.7% |   122.1% |     125% |     166% |     258% |
+In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  applied for 2019 has been revised within TREMOD AV.
-In parallel, the majority of **country-specific emission factors**  has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook [((bibcite 4))] and Eurocontrol's AEM model [((bibcite 5))].
+__Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors 2019, in [kg/TJ]__
+|                  ^  NH<sub>3</sub>  ^  NMVOC  ^  NO<sub>x</sub>  ^  SO<sub>2</sub>  ^  BC     ^  PM     ^  CO     ^
-__Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, in [kg/TJ]__
+| KEROSENE                                                                                                   ||||||||
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**NMVOC**	||>
+^ Submission 2022  |             3,97 |    4,26 |              376 |             19,6 |    1,73 |    3,61 |    34,1 |
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	13.4	||>	9.5	||>	5.9	||>	5.4	||>	5.3	||>	5.2	||>	5.1	||>	5.0	||>	4.9	||>	4.8	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.6	||>	4.7	||>	4.5	||>	4.5	||=
+^ Submission 2021  |             3,97 |    4,25 |              375 |             19,6 |    1,75 |    3,65 |    34,6 |
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	13.5	||>	9.0	||>	5.6	||>	5.2	||>	5.1	||>	4.9	||>	4.8	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.6	||>	4.4	||>	4.5	||>	4.5	||>	4.5	||>	4.4	||>	4.5	||=
+^ absolute change  |             0,00 |    0,01 |             0,14 |             0,00 |   -0,02 |   -0,04 |    -0,5 |
-||~	absolute change	||>	-0.05	||>	0.48	||>	0.36	||>	0.24	||>	0.27	||>	0.29	||>	0.30	||>	0.25	||>	0.25	||>	0.24	||>	0.26	||>	0.23	||>	0.14	||>	0.19	||>	0.02	||>	0.00	||=
+^ relative change  |            0,00% |   0,35% |            0,04% |            0,00% |  -1,13% |  -1,13% |  -1,51% |
-||~	relative change	||>	-0.39%	||>	5.36%	||>	6.42%	||>	4.62%	||>	5.31%	||>	5.98%	||>	6.26%	||>	5.24%	||>	5.37%	||>	5.27%	||>	5.75%	||>	5.23%	||>	3.18%	||>	4.18%	||>	0.39%	||>	0.07%	||=
+| AVGAS                                                                                                      ||||||||
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**NO,,x,,**	||>
+^ Submission 2022  |  NE              |     466 |             81,7 |             0,46 |    0,46 |    3,08 |   29164 |
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	308	||>	313	||>	319	||>	330	||>	331	||>	334	||>	335	||>	339	||>	346	||>	349	||>	354	||>	354	||>	354	||>	354	||>	359	||>	361	||=
+^ Submission 2021  |  NE              |     467 |             82,2 |             0,46 |    0,46 |    3,08 |   29108 |
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	313	||>	317	||>	329	||>	335	||>	336	||>	339	||>	341	||>	344	||>	350	||>	352	||>	359	||>	364	||>	368	||>	374	||>	378	||>	380	||=
+^ absolute change  |  0,00            |   -0,90 |            -0,47 |             0,00 |    0,00 |    0,00 |    56,1 |
-||~	absolute change	||>	-5.05	||>	-3.50	||>	-9.68	||>	-5.31	||>	-5.00	||>	-5.19	||>	-5.11	||>	-4.91	||>	-4.69	||>	-3.15	||>	-5.07	||>	-10.16	||>	-13.33	||>	-19.30	||>	-19.11	||>	-19.37	||=
+^ relative change  |                  |  -0,19% |           -0,57% |            0,00% |   0,06% |   0,06% |   0,19% |
-||~	relative change	||>	-1.61%	||>	-1.10%	||>	-2.94%	||>	-1.58%	||>	-1.49%	||>	-1.53%	||>	-1.50%	||>	-1.43%	||>	-1.34%	||>	-0.89%	||>	-1.41%	||>	-2.79%	||>	-3.62%	||>	-5.17%	||>	-5.05%	||>	-5.09%	||=
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**Sulphur oxides - SO,,x,,** ||>
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	19.7	||>	19.5	||>	19.5	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||>	19.6	||=
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	25.1	||>	15.2	||>	8.5	||>	6.3	||>	5.9	||>	5.5	||>	5.1	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||>	4.7	||=
-||~	absolute change	||>	-5.45	||>	4.30	||>	11.08	||>	13.28	||>	13.71	||>	14.13	||>	14.55	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||>	14.98	||=
-||~	relative change	||>	-21.7%	||>	28.2%	||>	131%	||>	209%	||>	232%	||>	257%	||>	287%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||>	322%	||=
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**Black carbon - BC**	||>
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	1.91	||>	2.01	||>	2.08	||>	1.97	||>	1.95	||>	1.93	||>	1.90	||>	1.88	||>	1.86	||>	1.84	||>	1.83	||>	1.82	||>	1.78	||>	1.79	||>	1.79	||>	1.80	||=
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||>	2.23	||=
-||~	absolute change	||>	-0.32	||>	-0.22	||>	-0.15	||>	-0.26	||>	-0.28	||>	-0.30	||>	-0.33	||>	-0.36	||>	-0.37	||>	-0.39	||>	-0.40	||>	-0.42	||>	-0.45	||>	-0.44	||>	-0.44	||>	-0.44	||=
-||~	relative change	||>	-14.3%	||>	-9.8%	||>	-6.8%	||>	-11.6%	||>	-12.5%	||>	-13.5%	||>	-15.0%	||>	-16.0%	||>	-16.7%	||>	-17.5%	||>	-18.0%	||>	-18.7%	||>	-20.1%	||>	-19.9%	||>	-19.7%	||>	-19.5%	||=
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**Particulate matter - PM**	||>
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	3.98	||>	4.19	||>	4.33	||>	4.11	||>	4.07	||>	4.02	||>	3.95	||>	3.91	||>	3.87	||>	3.84	||>	3.81	||>	3.78	||>	3.72	||>	3.72	||>	3.74	||>	3.74	||=
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||>	4.65	||=
-||~	absolute change	||>	-0.67	||>	-0.46	||>	-0.32	||>	-0.54	||>	-0.58	||>	-0.63	||>	-0.70	||>	-0.74	||>	-0.78	||>	-0.81	||>	-0.84	||>	-0.87	||>	-0.93	||>	-0.93	||>	-0.91	||>	-0.91	||=
-||~	relative change	||>	-14.3%	||>	-9.8%	||>	-6.8%	||>	-11.6%	||>	-12.5%	||>	-13.5%	||>	-15.0%	||>	-16.0%	||>	-16.7%	||>	-17.5%	||>	-18.0%	||>	-18.7%	||>	-20.1%	||>	-19.9%	||>	-19.7%	||>	-19.5%	||=
-||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||<	**Carbon monoxide - CO**	||>
-||~	Submission 2020	||>	71.0	||>	60.3	||>	44.9	||>	40.0	||>	39.2	||>	38.3	||>	37.4	||>	36.4	||>	35.9	||>	35.6	||>	35.5	||>	35.6	||>	35.3	||>	35.5	||>	33.5	||>	33.6	||=
-||~	Submission 2019	||>	72.0	||>	59.8	||>	44.3	||>	40.2	||>	39.2	||>	38.2	||>	37.1	||>	36.8	||>	36.4	||>	36.2	||>	35.8	||>	35.6	||>	35.1	||>	35.1	||>	35.1	||>	35.5	||=
-||~	absolute change	||>	-0.97	||>	0.48	||>	0.55	||>	-0.21	||>	0.00	||>	0.17	||>	0.32	||>	-0.41	||>	-0.47	||>	-0.59	||>	-0.28	||>	-0.05	||>	0.19	||>	0.40	||>	-1.55	||>	-1.90	||=
-||~	relative change	||>	-1.35%	||>	0.81%	||>	1.24%	||>	-0.53%	||>	0.01%	||>	0.44%	||>	0.87%	||>	-1.11%	||>	-1.29%	||>	-1.63%	||>	-0.78%	||>	-0.14%	||>	0.54%	||>	1.15%	||>	-4.42%	||>	-5.35%	||=
 <WRAP center round info 60%>
-For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter [[general:recalculations:start | 8.1 - Recalculations]].
+For **pollutant-specific information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2019**, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following [[general:recalculations:start|chapter 8.1 - Recalculations]].
 </WRAP>
 ===== Uncertainties =====
-For more information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation|superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
+For uncertainties information, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
 ===== Planned improvements =====
-For more information, please see [[ superordinate chapter]] on civil aviation.
+For information on planned improvements, please see [[sector:energy:fuel_combustion:transport:civil_aviation:start|main chapter]] on civil aviation.
-------
-[[bibliography]]
-: 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.
+[(KNOERR2010> Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012.)]
-: 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2019.
+[(KNOERR2021c> Knörr et al. (2021c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2018 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2021.)]
-: 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2019.
+[(GORES2021> Gores (2021): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2021.)]
-: 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 - Copenhagen, 2019
+[(EMEPEEA2019> EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019, https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/emep-eea-guidebook-2019/part-b-sectoral-guidance-chapters/1-energy/1-a-combustion/1-a-3-a-aviation/view; Copenhagen, 2019.)]
-: 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2019
+[(EUROCONTROL2020> Eurocontrol (2020): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2020.)]
-[[/bibliography]]

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