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1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise
Short description
| Method | AD | EF | Key Category for |
|---|---|---|---|
| T1, T2, T3 | NS, M | CS, D, M | not included in key category analysis |
In NFR category 1.A.3.a i (ii) - Internatinal Civil Aviation: Cruise emissions from international flights from German airports during cruise stage (above 3,000 feet of altitude) are reported.
In the following, information on sub-category specific activity data, (implied) emission factors and emission estimates are provided.
Methodology
Actitvity Data
Specific jet kerosene consumption during LTO-stage is calculated within TREMOD AV as described in the superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
Table 1: annual jet kerosene consumption during cruise-stage, in terajoules
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 |
| 150,852 | 187,855 | 243,544 | 288,819 | 305,632 | 291,248 | 314,638 | 320,599 | 307,487 | 306,766 | 331,644 | 365,499 | 376,210 |
source: Knörr et al. (2019c) 1) & Gores (2019) 2)
gallery size="medium" : 1A3ai(ii)_AD.png gallery
Emission factors
All country specific emission factors used for emission reporting were basically ascertained within UBA project FKZ 360 16 029 3) and have since then been compiled, revised and maintained in TREMOD AV 4).
For more information, please see superordinate chapter on civil aviation.
Table 2: Annual country-specific emission factors, in kg/TJ
| 1990 | 1995 | 2000 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
| NH3 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 4.00 | |
| NMVOC | 13.4 | 9.47 | 5.93 | 5.44 | 5.35 | 5.20 | 5.07 | 4.95 | 4.91 | 4.81 | 4.70 | 4.70 | 4.64 | 4.65 | 4.46 | 4.52 | 4.64 | |
| NOx | 308 | 313 | 319 | 330 | 331 | 334 | 335 | 339 | 346 | 349 | 354 | 354 | 354 | 354 | 359 | 361 | 362 | |
| SOx | 19.7 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | 19.6 | |
| PM1 | 3.98 | 4.19 | 4.33 | 4.11 | 4.07 | 4.02 | 3.95 | 3.91 | 3.87 | 3.84 | 3.81 | 3.78 | 3.72 | 3.72 | 3.74 | 3.74 | 3.76 | |
| BC2 | 1.91 | 2.01 | 2.08 | 1.97 | 1.95 | 1.93 | 1.90 | 1.88 | 1.86 | 1.84 | 1.83 | 1.82 | 1.78 | 1.79 | 1.79 | 1.80 | 1.80 | |
| CO | 71.0 | 60.3 | 44.9 | 40.0 | 39.2 | 38.3 | 37.4 | 36.4 | 35.9 | 35.6 | 35.5 | 35.6 | 35.3 | 35.5 | 33.5 | 33.6 | 34.0 |
1 EF(TSP) also applied for PM,,10,, and PM,,2.5,, (assumption: > 99% of TSP consists of PM,,2.5,,) 2 estimated via a f-BC of 0.48 as provided in 5), Chapter: 1.A.3.a, 1.A.5.b Aviation, page 49: “Conclusion”.
NOTE: For the country-specific emission factors applied for particulate matter, no clear indication is available, whether or not condensables are included.
Trend discussion for Key Sources
NFR 1.A.3.a i (ii) - International Civil Aviation - Cruise is not included in the national emission totals and hence not included in the key category analysis.
Recalculations
Activity data have been revised for all years within TREMOD AV to keep in line with information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook 6) and Eurocontrol's AEM model 7).
Table 3: Revised kerosene usage in 1.A.3.a i (ii), in terajoules
| = 1990 | = 1995 | = 2000 | = 2005 | = 2006 | = 2007 | = 2008 | = 2009 | = 2010 | = 2011 | = 2012 | = 2013 | = 2014 | = 2015 | = 2016 | = 2017 | ||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 150,852 | > 187,855 | > 243,544 | > 288,819 | > 304,276 | > 315,598 | > 319,033 | > 310,713 | > 305,632 | > 291,248 | > 314,638 | > 320,599 | > 307,487 | > 306,766 | > 331,644 | > 365,499 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 152,682 | > 186,400 | > 243,292 | > 289,459 | > 305,085 | > 316,427 | > 319,258 | > 310,547 | > 304,170 | > 286,922 | > 313,516 | > 321,015 | > 307,488 | > 305,071 | > 330,738 | > 367,231 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -1,830 | > 1,455 | > 252 | > -640 | > -809 | > -829 | > -224 | > 167 | > 1,462 | > 4,326 | > 1,122 | > -416 | > -0,79 | > 1,695 | > 907 | > -1,732 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -1.20% | > 0.78% | > 0.10% | > -0.22% | > -0.27% | > -0.26% | > -0.07% | > 0.05% | > 0.48% | > 1.51% | > 0.36% | > -0.13% | > -0.0003% | > 0.56% | > 0.27% | > -0.47% |
In parallel, the majority of country-specific emission factors has been revised within TREMOD AV based on information available from the 2019 EMEP/EEA Guidebook 8) and Eurocontrol's AEM model 9).
Table 4: Revised country-specific emission-factors, in [kg/TJ]
| < NMVOC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 13.4 | > 9.5 | > 5.9 | > 5.4 | > 5.3 | > 5.2 | > 5.1 | > 5.0 | > 4.9 | > 4.8 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.6 | > 4.7 | > 4.5 | > 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 13.5 | > 9.0 | > 5.6 | > 5.2 | > 5.1 | > 4.9 | > 4.8 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.6 | > 4.4 | > 4.5 | > 4.5 | > 4.5 | > 4.4 | > 4.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -0.05 | > 0.48 | > 0.36 | > 0.24 | > 0.27 | > 0.29 | > 0.30 | > 0.25 | > 0.25 | > 0.24 | > 0.26 | > 0.23 | > 0.14 | > 0.19 | > 0.02 | > 0.00 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -0.39% | > 5.36% | > 6.42% | > 4.62% | > 5.31% | > 5.98% | > 6.26% | > 5.24% | > 5.37% | > 5.27% | > 5.75% | > 5.23% | > 3.18% | > 4.18% | > 0.39% | > 0.07% | |||||||||||||||||
| < NO,,x,, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 308 | > 313 | > 319 | > 330 | > 331 | > 334 | > 335 | > 339 | > 346 | > 349 | > 354 | > 354 | > 354 | > 354 | > 359 | > 361 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 313 | > 317 | > 329 | > 335 | > 336 | > 339 | > 341 | > 344 | > 350 | > 352 | > 359 | > 364 | > 368 | > 374 | > 378 | > 380 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -5.05 | > -3.50 | > -9.68 | > -5.31 | > -5.00 | > -5.19 | > -5.11 | > -4.91 | > -4.69 | > -3.15 | > -5.07 | > -10.16 | > -13.33 | > -19.30 | > -19.11 | > -19.37 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -1.61% | > -1.10% | > -2.94% | > -1.58% | > -1.49% | > -1.53% | > -1.50% | > -1.43% | > -1.34% | > -0.89% | > -1.41% | > -2.79% | > -3.62% | > -5.17% | > -5.05% | > -5.09% | |||||||||||||||||
| < Sulphur oxides - SO,,x,, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 19.7 | > 19.5 | > 19.5 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | > 19.6 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 25.1 | > 15.2 | > 8.5 | > 6.3 | > 5.9 | > 5.5 | > 5.1 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | > 4.7 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -5.45 | > 4.30 | > 11.08 | > 13.28 | > 13.71 | > 14.13 | > 14.55 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | > 14.98 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -21.7% | > 28.2% | > 131% | > 209% | > 232% | > 257% | > 287% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | > 322% | |||||||||||||||||
| < Black carbon - BC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 1.91 | > 2.01 | > 2.08 | > 1.97 | > 1.95 | > 1.93 | > 1.90 | > 1.88 | > 1.86 | > 1.84 | > 1.83 | > 1.82 | > 1.78 | > 1.79 | > 1.79 | > 1.80 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | > 2.23 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -0.32 | > -0.22 | > -0.15 | > -0.26 | > -0.28 | > -0.30 | > -0.33 | > -0.36 | > -0.37 | > -0.39 | > -0.40 | > -0.42 | > -0.45 | > -0.44 | > -0.44 | > -0.44 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -14.3% | > -9.8% | > -6.8% | > -11.6% | > -12.5% | > -13.5% | > -15.0% | > -16.0% | > -16.7% | > -17.5% | > -18.0% | > -18.7% | > -20.1% | > -19.9% | > -19.7% | > -19.5% | |||||||||||||||||
| < Particulate matter - PM | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 3.98 | > 4.19 | > 4.33 | > 4.11 | > 4.07 | > 4.02 | > 3.95 | > 3.91 | > 3.87 | > 3.84 | > 3.81 | > 3.78 | > 3.72 | > 3.72 | > 3.74 | > 3.74 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | > 4.65 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -0.67 | > -0.46 | > -0.32 | > -0.54 | > -0.58 | > -0.63 | > -0.70 | > -0.74 | > -0.78 | > -0.81 | > -0.84 | > -0.87 | > -0.93 | > -0.93 | > -0.91 | > -0.91 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -14.3% | > -9.8% | > -6.8% | > -11.6% | > -12.5% | > -13.5% | > -15.0% | > -16.0% | > -16.7% | > -17.5% | > -18.0% | > -18.7% | > -20.1% | > -19.9% | > -19.7% | > -19.5% | |||||||||||||||||
| < Carbon monoxide - CO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2020 | > 71.0 | > 60.3 | > 44.9 | > 40.0 | > 39.2 | > 38.3 | > 37.4 | > 36.4 | > 35.9 | > 35.6 | > 35.5 | > 35.6 | > 35.3 | > 35.5 | > 33.5 | > 33.6 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ Submission 2019 | > 72.0 | > 59.8 | > 44.3 | > 40.2 | > 39.2 | > 38.2 | > 37.1 | > 36.8 | > 36.4 | > 36.2 | > 35.8 | > 35.6 | > 35.1 | > 35.1 | > 35.1 | > 35.5 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ absolute change | > -0.97 | > 0.48 | > 0.55 | > -0.21 | > 0.00 | > 0.17 | > 0.32 | > -0.41 | > -0.47 | > -0.59 | > -0.28 | > -0.05 | > 0.19 | > 0.40 | > -1.55 | > -1.90 | |||||||||||||||||
| ~ relative change | > -1.35% | > 0.81% | > 1.24% | > -0.53% | > 0.01% | > 0.44% | > 0.87% | > -1.11% | > -1.29% | > -1.63% | > -0.78% | > -0.14% | > 0.54% | > 1.15% | > -4.42% | > -5.35% |
For more information on recalculated emission estimates for Base Year and 2018, please see the pollutant specific recalculation tables following chapter 8.1 - Recalculations].
Uncertainties
For uncertainties information, please see main chapter on civil aviation.
Planned improvements
For information on planned improvements, please see main chapter on civil aviation.
: 1 : Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S. (2010): Entwicklung eines eigenständigen Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV) : Endbericht. Endbericht zum F+E-Vorhaben 360 16 029, URL: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/entwicklung-eines-modells-zur-berechnung; Berlin & Heidelberg, 2012. : 2 : Knörr et al. (2019c): Knörr, W., Schacht, A., & Gores, S.: TREMOD Aviation (TREMOD AV) 2019 - Revision des Modells zur Berechnung des Flugverkehrs (TREMOD-AV). Heidelberg, Berlin: Ifeu Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH & Öko-Institut e.V., Berlin & Heidelberg, 2019. : 3 : Gores (2019): Inventartool zum deutschen Flugverkehrsinventar 1990-2018, im Rahmen der Aktualisierung des Moduls TREMOD-AV im Transportemissionsmodell TREMOD, Berlin, 2019. : 4 : EMEP/EEA, 2019: EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook 2019 - Copenhagen, 2019 : 5 : Eurocontrol (2019): Advanced emission model (AEM); https://www.eurocontrol.int/model/advanced-emission-model; 2019 bibliography